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You are teaching a male patient to apply a nitroglycerin transdermal patch. You know the patient needs more teaching when he states
- A. I will be sure I remove the previous patch prior to putting on a new one.
- B. I will put the patch on a place without much body hair.
- C. I will not cut the patch to make it fit a smaller area.
- D. I will place the new patch in the same place as the previous one.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patches should be rotated to different sites to prevent skin irritation. The other statements are correct.
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Which are included in the oral route of administration?
- A. Swallowing
- B. Sublingual
- C. Inhaling
- D. Buccal
- E. Nasal
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: The oral route of administration includes methods where medications are taken by mouth, such as swallowing (A), placing under the tongue (sublingual, B), and placing against the cheek (buccal, D). Inhaling (C) and nasal (E) are not oral routes.
A patient complains of incision pain after surgery. Two pain medications are ordered: Meperidine (Demerol) 75 mg for moderate to severe pain and hydrocodone with acetaminophen (Lortab) 7.5/500 mg for mild to moderate pain. The patient rates her pain at a 5 on a 0 to 10 scale. Her vital signs are T 98.8, P 86, R 14, and BP 104/60. Your next action would be to
- A. Administer the Demerol prescribed for moderate to severe pain.
- B. Instruct the patient to wait an hour for her pain medication to see if her blood pressure increases.
- C. Administer Lortab prescribed for mild to moderate pain.
- D. Administer 1 dose of Demerol and 1 dose of Lortab together to relieve her pain.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A pain rating of 5 is mild to moderate, so Lortab is appropriate. Demerol is for more severe pain, and combining both is unsafe. Waiting an hour delays pain relief unnecessarily.
To administer an eye drop, you will place the drop in the
- A. Inner canthus of the eye.
- B. Outer canthus of the eye.
- C. Middle part of the lower conjunctival sac.
- D. Middle of the eye, directly onto the pupil.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Placing eye drops in the lower conjunctival sac ensures proper absorption and minimizes discomfort or corneal damage.
Rectal suppositories are contraindicated in patients with
- A. High potassium levels.
- B. Swollen, inflamed hemorrhoids.
- C. Constipation.
- D. A recent heart attack.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Swollen, inflamed hemorrhoids contraindicate rectal suppositories due to pain and potential bleeding. Other conditions are not contraindications.
A patient is taking an albuterol inhaler as a bronchodilator and a steroid inhaler. You would know more teaching was needed when the patient states
- A. I will wait 5 minutes between using the inhalers.
- B. I will hold the inhalers 1 to 2 inches away from my mouth to use them.
- C. I will use the steroid inhaler first and then the albuterol inhaler.
- D. I will wait 1 full minute between each puff from the inhaler.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The bronchodilator (albuterol) should be used first to open airways, followed by the steroid. Other statements are correct.