Nokea
You have the results of PCR tests for Mycoplasma pneumoniae; the number of positive tests is 83 collected from a 100 truly-infected persons. The sensitivity of this test is
- A. 17%
- B. 55%
- C. 60%
- D. 83%
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sensitivity = (True positives / Truly infected) * 100 = (83 / 100) * 100 = 83%.
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The nurse is caring for a newborn who was born 24 hours ago to a mother who received no prenatal care. The newborn is a poor feeder but sucks avidly on his hands. Clinical manifestations also include loose stools, tachycardia, fever, projectile vomiting, sneezing, and generalized sweating. Which should the nurse suspect?
- A. Seizure disorder
- B. Narcotic withdrawal
- C. Placental insufficiency
- D. Meconium aspiration syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The clinical manifestations described in the scenario are classic signs of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), which occurs in newborns who were exposed to drugs, particularly narcotics, in utero. The newborn's symptoms of poor feeding, sucking on his hands, tachycardia, fever, projectile vomiting, loose stools, sneezing, and generalized sweating are consistent with NAS. These symptoms occur as the newborn experiences withdrawal from the drugs to which they were exposed during pregnancy. In this case, the lack of prenatal care suggests that the mother may have used narcotics during pregnancy, leading to NAS in the newborn. It is essential for healthcare providers to recognize these signs and provide appropriate care and support for infants experiencing NAS.
Neuroblastoma can be associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. All the following features are paraneoplastic EXCEPT
- A. uncontrollable jerking movements
- B. cerebellar ataxia and increased body coordination
- C. unilateral ptosis, myosis, and anhidrosis
- D. profound secretory diarrhea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased body coordination is not a typical feature of neuroblastoma-associated paraneoplastic syndromes.
all the following are true about seizures disorders except :
- A. involve involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation
- B. less than one third of seizures in children caused by epilepsy
- C. febrile seizure usually occur late in the course of high fever
- D. all the above are correct 120
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A febrile seizure is a convulsion in a young child triggered by a spike in body temperature, often from an infection. Febrile seizures typically occur early in the course of a high fever in children between the ages of 6 months to 5 years old. They are usually brief, lasting for less than five minutes. In about one-third of cases, febrile seizures may occur before the fever is noted by a caregiver. Therefore, the statement that febrile seizures usually occur late in the course of high fever is incorrect.
Hindbrain herniation or the Chiari type II malformation is seen in which percent of individuals with myelomeningocele
- A. 10-20%
- B. 20-30%
- C. 40-50%
- D. 80-90%
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chiari type II malformation is strongly associated with myelomeningocele, occurring in approximately 80-90% of cases due to abnormal cerebellar development and cranial settling.
An infant with gastroschisis is MORE likely than one with an omphalocele to have which of the following conditions?
- A. Congenital heart disease
- B. History of prematurity
- C. Imperforate anus
- D. N/A
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infants with gastroschisis are more likely to have a history of prematurity compared to those with omphalocele, though neither condition is strongly associated with congenital heart disease or imperforate anus.