Chronic Disease Discussion Questions

Chronic Disease Discussion Questions Related

Review Chronic Disease Discussion Questions related questions and content

Your junior trainee has been in theatre for 5 h with a patient undergoing a femorodistal bypass procedure. He is yawning and seems withdrawn. The trainee's fatigue is likely to be improved by:

  • A. Imbibing one 60 ml shot of espresso coffee.
  • B. Taking a 1-h nap.
  • C. Increasing the brightness of the theatre lighting.
  • D. Walking around and chatting to other members of staff.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Fatigue during long procedures impairs performance. A 60 ml espresso shot (50-100 mg caffeine) boosts alertness temporarily (20-30 minutes onset), but its effect wanes after 5 hours of sustained effort. A 1-hour nap restores cognitive function and vigilance significantly, countering sleep pressure per sleep research (e.g., NASA nap studies), with benefits lasting hours. Bright lighting enhances alertness via circadian stimulation but is less effective mid-fatigue. Walking and chatting provide a break, mildly boosting arousal, but lack restorative depth. Microsleeps signal severe fatigue, worsening performance. A nap's superiority lies in addressing accumulated sleep debt, critical in high-stakes settings like surgery, offering sustained recovery over stimulants or environmental tweaks.

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NASH contributes to the risk of cardiovascular disease via which mechanism in the liver?

  • A. Reduced production of VLDL
  • B. Reduced production of glucose
  • C. Increased production of CRP
  • D. Increased production of HDL
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: NASH ups heart risk CRP, inflammation's flag, flares from liver, not VLDL drop, glucose dip, or HDL boost. Nurses spot this, a chronic CV spark.

During a routine health examination, a 40-yr-old patient tells the nurse about a family history of colon cancer. Which action should the nurse take next?

  • A. Obtain more information about the family history.
  • B. Schedule a sigmoidoscopy to provide baseline data.
  • C. Teach the patient about the need for a colonoscopy at age 50.
  • D. Teach the patient how to do home testing for fecal occult blood.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Family history of colon cancer flags risk first step's digging deeper: who, when, how many cases? That shapes if it's sporadic or hereditary (e.g., Lynch syndrome), guiding screening timing. Jumping to sigmoidoscopy or fecal tests skips assessment too soon without details. Colonoscopy at 50's standard, but family history might bump it earlier (e.g., 40 or 10 years before kin's diagnosis). Nurses in oncology start here, gathering intel to tailor prevention, not rushing tools that might miss the mark without context.

With regards to metabolic and bariatric surgery performed in East Asia, which ONE of the following is most commonly performed?

  • A. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)
  • B. Adjustable gastric banding (AGB)
  • C. Mini-gastric bypass
  • D. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG)
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In East Asia, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has emerged as the most common bariatric surgery, surpassing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and adjustable gastric banding (AGB), per regional data and trends. SG's popularity stems from its technical simplicity, lower complication rates, and effectiveness in weight loss and metabolic improvement, appealing in populations with lower average BMI but high visceral fat, like Asians. RYGB, while effective, is less favored due to complexity and malabsorption risks. AGB has declined globally due to less sustained outcomes. Mini-gastric bypass is rising but not dominant. SG's prominence reflects practical and cultural fit, informing physicians on regional preferences for obesity management.

Which of the following is NOT part of the histology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis?

  • A. Fatty infiltration in liver
  • B. Fibrosis of liver
  • C. Inflammatory infiltrates in lobules
  • D. Cirrhosis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: NASH histology includes steatosis (fatty infiltration), lobular inflammation, and fibrosis, per pathology definitions. Mallory bodies (intracellular inclusions) are classic but not universal. Cirrhosis is an advanced NAFLD outcome, not a defining NASH feature progression, not initial histology. This distinction aids physicians in staging chronic liver disease accurately.

A nurse is caring for a client with a history of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which of the following assessment findings requires immediate intervention?

  • A. Back pain
  • B. Absent peripheral pulses
  • C. Decreased urine output
  • D. Nausea and vomiting
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: An AAA can rupture absent peripheral pulses signal dissection or clot, cutting flow, a surgical emergency needing instant action per ABCs. Back pain hints at expansion, urgent but less acute. Urine drop or nausea follows, not leads. Nurses jump on pulselessness, anticipating OR prep, a life-or-limb save in this ticking vascular bomb.

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