Nokea
Which of the following sign/symptom would NOT be expected from organophosphate poisoning?
- A. Dry skin and mucous membranes
- B. Increased salivation
- C. Increased bowel sounds
- D. Urinary urgency
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Organophosphates cause wet symptoms (salivation, etc.); dry skin is typical of anticholinergics.
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A nurse is caring for a client who states she has been taking Phenylephrine nasal drops for the past 10 days for Sinusitis. The nurse should assess the client for which of the following adverse effects of this medication?
- A. Sedation
- B. Nasal congestion
- C. Productive cough
- D. Constipation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prolonged phenylephrine use can cause rebound nasal congestion due to vasoconstrictor overuse.
The nurse promotes optimal drug effectiveness by doing what? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Incorporate basic history and physical assessment factors into the plan of care.
- B. Evaluate the effectiveness of drugs after they have been administered.
- C. Modify the drug regimen to modify adverse or intolerable effects.
- D. Minimize the number of medications administered to patients.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Incorporate basic history and physical assessment factors into any plan of care so that obvious problems can be identified and handled promptly. If a drug simply does not do what it is expected to do, further examine the factors that are known to influence drug effects. Frequently, the drug regimen can be modified to deal with that influence. Minimizing the number of medications administered is usually not an option because each drug is ordered for a reason of necessity for the patient.
A nurse is instructing a pregnant patient concerning the potential risk to her fetus from a Pregnancy Category B drug. What would the nurse inform the patient?
- A. Adequate studies in pregnant women have demonstrated there is no risk to the fetus.
- B. Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus, but there have been no adequate studies in pregnant women.
- C. Animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.
- D. There is evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from use of the drug may be acceptable despite potential risks.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Category B indicates that animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus. However, there have not been adequate studies in pregnant women to demonstrate risk to a fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy and no evidence of risk in later trimesters. Category A indicates that adequate studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus in the first trimester or in later trimesters. Category C indicates that animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but no adequate studies in humans. Category D reveals evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from the use of the drugs in pregnant women may outweigh potential risks.
The NP orders a thyroid panel for a patient on amiodarone. The patient tells the NP that he does not have thyroid disease and wants to know why the test is ordered. Which is a correct response?
- A. Amiodarone inhibits an enzyme that is important in making thyroid hormone and can cause hypothyroidism.
- B. Amiodarone damages the thyroid gland and can result in inflammation of that gland, causing hyperthyroidism.
- C. Amiodarone is a broad-spectrum drug with many adverse effects. Many different tests need to be done before it is given.
- D. Amiodarone can cause corneal deposits in up to 25% of patients.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amiodarone inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis, risking hypothyroidism.
Which of the following statements about beta-blockers is false?
- A. Beta-blockers should be avoided with non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
- B. Beta-blockers increase renin secretion
- C. Non-selective beta-blockers are contraindicated in asthma
- D. Beta-blockers prolong the refractory period of the AV node
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta-blockers decrease renin secretion by blocking beta-1 receptors in the kidney, making this statement false.