Nokea
A 60 year old lady presents with a skin tear to her left shin on her coffee table. She is unsure of her previous immunization status. How should this be managed?
- A. ADT only
- B. ADT plus immunoglobulin
- C. Immunoglobulin only
- D. Neither
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Skin tear, unknown shots ADT boosts, no Ig needed for clean cuts, antibiotics if dirty. Nurses jab this chronic tetanus shield solo.
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An intra-venous drug user with endocarditis has a TOE and multiple blood cultures taken. He is most likely to have:
- A. tricuspid valve involvement and s.aureus on blood culture
- B. tricuspid valve involvement and enterococci on blood culture
- C. mitral valve involvement and mixed growth on blood culture
- D. tricuspid valve involvement and candida on blood culture
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IVDU endocarditis tricuspid flops, Staph aureus spikes, not enterococci, mixed, candida, or blanks. Nurses hear this chronic junkie beat.
The glycaemic profiles of people living with diabetes is affected by the following EXCEPT:
- A. Monitoring of blood glucose
- B. Dietary intake
- C. Exercise
- D. Stress
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes' sugar swings dance to diet, exercise, stress, and meds intake, burn, cortisol, and pills all tug levels. Monitoring tracks, not tweaks, the profile; it's a mirror, not a mover. Clinicians lean on this quintet's interplay, adjusting levers, not the gauge, a chronic puzzle where tools shape, not tally, the game.
Pulmonary rehabilitation is one of the most effective interventions in the management of COPD. The primary goals of this program are to:
- A. Ensure the patient eats appropriately, takes their medication as prescribed and exercises every day.
- B. Involve the patient in the multidisciplinary team and knows how to manage their condition.
- C. Reduce symptoms, improved QOL, increase physical and emotional participation in everyday life.
- D. Prevent deterioration, avoid hospitalisation and support the carers.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a cornerstone COPD intervention, emphasizing functional improvement over mere compliance. Ensuring diet, medication, and daily exercise is supportive but not PR's primary aim it's too prescriptive. Involving patients in teams and self-management is valuable, but PR's core is outcome-driven: reducing dyspnea, enhancing quality of life (QOL), and boosting physical/emotional engagement in daily activities via exercise, education, and psychosocial support. Preventing deterioration and hospitalization are benefits, not goals PR doesn't directly support carers. Evidence (e.g., GOLD guidelines) highlights PR's efficacy in symptom relief (e.g., breathlessness), QOL gains (e.g., St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire), and participation (e.g., 6-minute walk test), per multidisciplinary programs outlined in chronic care texts, making it a holistic, patient-centered strategy beyond disease containment.
What is the term used in epidemiology to indicate the frequency of the occurrence of a condition?
- A. Incidence
- B. Prevalence
- C. Relative risk
- D. Odd ratio
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prevalence counts everyone with a condition now total diabetes cases snapshot unlike incidence's newbies, risk's ratios, or odds' gambles. It's the epidemiologist's bread-and-butter for chronic burdens, a nurse's gauge of how many need care today.
What is the average life expectancy in Canada?
- A. 60 years
- B. 70 years
- C. 80 years
- D. 90 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Canada's life clock hits 80 78.5 for men, 82.7 for women in 2010 a longevity nurses bank on for chronic care spans. Lower guesses lag history; 90's a stretch. It shapes health goals, a timeline framing illness fights.