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Which term describes a combination of economic and social factors detailing an individual or family's position, including income, education, and occupation?
- A. Culture
- B. Socioeconomic status
- C. Risk factors
- D. Ethnic gloss
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status (SES) is a term used to combine economic and social factors to describe an individual's or family's position in society. Choice A, Culture, refers to the beliefs, customs, and practices of a specific group of people. Choice C, Risk factors, are characteristics or exposures that increase the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. Choice D, Ethnic gloss, is not a term related to the description of an individual or family's economic and social position.
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Isabel is listening to a piece of classical music and tape recording all her feelings and impressions as she experiences them. Isabel is using a technique similar to the research methodology of?
- A. Structuralism.
- B. Functionalism.
- C. Behaviorism.
- D. Humanism.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Structuralism. Structuralism involves introspection, where individuals report their thoughts and feelings while engaging with stimuli. In this scenario, Isabel is recording her feelings and impressions while listening to music, which aligns with the introspective nature of structuralism. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because functionalism focuses on the purpose of behaviors, behaviorism emphasizes observable behaviors and environmental influences, and humanism highlights individual growth and personal experiences rather than introspection.
Alison believes that individuals learn to be either aggressive or nonaggressive as a result of the experiences they have. Alison's views are most consistent with which view in psychology?
- A. Behaviorist view of psychology.
- B. Structuralist view of psychology.
- C. Functionalist view of psychology.
- D. Psychoanalytic view of psychology.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alison's belief that individuals learn to be either aggressive or nonaggressive as a result of their experiences aligns with the Behaviorist view of psychology. Behaviorism focuses on how behavior is learned through interactions with the environment, emphasizing the role of experience in shaping behavior. The other options are not directly related to the idea that behavior is learned through experiences: Structuralism focuses on the structure of conscious experience, Functionalism emphasizes the purpose of behavior, and Psychoanalytic theory focuses on the role of unconscious processes.
Roger has suffered a major brain injury. As a result, he is unable to speak fluently, tends to mispronounce words, and speaks haltingly. For instance, he says 'wat' instead of 'watch' and 'tot' instead of 'talk.' What is the diagnosis?
- A. Agnosia
- B. Spatial neglect
- C. Broca's aphasia
- D. Prosopagnosia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct diagnosis for Roger's condition is Broca's aphasia. Broca's aphasia is characterized by difficulty in speaking fluently and accurately, often due to brain injury. In this case, Roger's symptoms of being unable to speak fluently, mispronouncing words, and speaking haltingly align with the characteristics of Broca's aphasia. Agnosia refers to the inability to recognize or interpret sensory information, spatial neglect is the lack of awareness of one side of the body or space, and prosopagnosia is the inability to recognize faces, none of which match Roger's symptoms.
What is the result when a single zygote separates into two parts, each developing into a separate individual?
- A. Dizygotic twin
- B. Monozygotic twin
- C. Fraternal twin
- D. Nonidentical twin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Monozygotic twin. A monozygotic twin, also known as an identical twin, is the result when a single zygote splits into two parts, leading to the development of two genetically identical individuals. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the scenario where a single zygote splits into two parts to form identical twins. Dizygotic twin (Choice A) refers to fraternal twins, which result from two separate eggs fertilized by two different sperm cells. Fraternal twin (Choice C) is another term for dizygotic twins, arising from two separate zygotes. Nonidentical twin (Choice D) is a synonymous term for dizygotic or fraternal twins, indicating that they are not genetically identical.
In the 5th substage of sensorimotor development, what does Piaget refer to as 'experimentation,' where the infant tries out new ways of playing with or manipulating objects?
- A. Short-term memory
- B. Working memory
- C. Core memories
- D. Long-term memory
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Long-term memory.' In the 5th substage of sensorimotor development, Piaget refers to 'experimentation' as tertiary circular reactions, where the infant tries out new ways of playing with or manipulating objects. This stage involves exploring and testing different ways of interacting with the world to understand cause and effect relationships. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not align with Piaget's concept of tertiary circular reactions and experimentation in the sensorimotor stage of development.