Cardiovascular System Exam Questions And Answers

Cardiovascular System Exam Questions And Answers Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam Questions And Answers related questions and content

The nurse is caring for a client on amiodarone who develops a cough. What is the most appropriate action?

  • A. Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
  • B. Reassure the client that this is a common side effect.
  • C. Continue the amiodarone and monitor the client's symptoms.
  • D. Discontinue the amiodarone immediately.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A: The nurse should notify the healthcare provider immediately because a cough can be a sign of a serious side effect of amiodarone called pulmonary toxicity. Prompt action is necessary to prevent further complications. The healthcare provider needs to assess the client, possibly order diagnostic tests, and determine the appropriate course of action.

Summary of Incorrect Choices:
B: Reassuring the client without further assessment could lead to delayed recognition of a serious issue.
C: Continuing amiodarone without addressing the cough may worsen the condition.
D: Discontinuing amiodarone without consulting the healthcare provider may not be appropriate and could lead to adverse effects or worsening of the client's condition.

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What type of heart disease is characterized by the heart muscle becoming enlarged and weakened, reducing its ability to pump blood effectively?

  • A. Dilated cardiomyopathy
  • B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • C. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
  • D. Myocarditis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dilated cardiomyopathy. This condition is characterized by the heart muscle becoming enlarged and weakened, leading to reduced pumping efficiency. This results in symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling. In contrast, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (B) is characterized by thickening of the heart muscle, restrictive cardiomyopathy (C) involves stiffness of the heart muscle, and myocarditis (D) is inflammation of the heart muscle. These conditions do not specifically involve the enlargement and weakening seen in dilated cardiomyopathy.

When reviewing a patient's four-week diet history, the cardiac-vascular nurse identifies a pattern of high-calorie intake on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday nights. The patient states that their spouse recently started taking a night class on those evenings at a local university. The patient's diet history indicates:

  • A. a disabling family coping behavior.
  • B. a lack of dietary instruction.
  • C. a need for cooking classes.
  • D. an individual coping behavior.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The eating pattern appears to be an individual coping behavior related to the spouse's absence.

What is a condition where the lung's air sacs become inflamed and fill with fluid or pus, causing cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing?

  • A. Pneumonia
  • B. Tuberculosis
  • C. Asthma
  • D. Bronchitis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pneumonia. Pneumonia is characterized by inflammation and fluid or pus accumulation in the lung's air sacs. This leads to symptoms such as cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Tuberculosis (B) is a bacterial infection affecting the lungs but does not always involve fluid accumulation. Asthma (C) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and bronchospasms, not fluid-filled air sacs. Bronchitis (D) is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, not the air sacs in the lungs.

What is this surgical procedure that restores blood flow to the heart by diverting blood around a blocked artery?

  • A. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
  • B. Angioplasty
  • C. Stent placement
  • D. Valve replacement
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). This procedure involves diverting blood flow around a blocked artery using a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body. It is the most effective treatment for severe coronary artery disease. Angioplasty (B) involves opening a blocked artery with a balloon, stent placement (C) involves inserting a mesh tube to keep an artery open, and valve replacement (D) is for replacing damaged heart valves, not restoring blood flow to the heart.

A 2400 mg sodium diet is prescribed for the patient with chronic heart failure. The nurse recognizes that additional teaching is necessary when the patient states

  • A. I should limit my milk intake to 2 cups a day
  • B. I can eat fresh fruits and vegetables without worrying about sodium levels
  • C. I can eat most foods as long as I do not add salt when cooking or at the table
  • D. I need to read the labels on prepared foods and medicines for their sodium content
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: All foods that are high in sodium should be eliminated in a 2400 mg sodium diet, in addition to the elimination of salt during cooking.

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