Nokea
Prior to application of traction in forceps delivery, it’s MOST important to note
- A. When the contraction ends
- B. When the client feels the contraction
- C. When the contraction begins
- D. When the fetal heart rate drops
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is important to apply traction during contractions to help with the delivery process.
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What are the most effective strategies to reduce the risk of preterm labor in high-risk pregnancies?
- A. Bed rest
- B. Progesterone therapy
- C. Cervical cerclage
- D. Increased hydration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Progesterone therapy is evidence-based and effective in reducing preterm labor in high-risk pregnancies.
Melanie is a 31-year-old patient who is being evaluated following a routine urinalysis that revealed microscopic hematuria. She was between menses and has no other identifiable explanation for hematuria. She has no significant medical history and otherwise is without complaint. The AGACNP knows that workup for Melanie should include
- A. A urology consultation
- B. CT urogram
- C. Upper urinary imaging
- D. Cystoscopy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Upper urinary imaging is the appropriate next step in the workup for Melanie based on the presentation of microscopic hematuria with no other identifiable explanation. Upper urinary imaging, such as an ultrasound or CT scan, can help evaluate the upper urinary tract, including the kidneys and ureters, to investigate potential causes of hematuria. This step is commonly recommended before proceeding to invasive procedures like cystoscopy or consultation with a urologist. It allows for a non-invasive assessment of the upper urinary system to identify any potential abnormalities that may be causing the hematuria in the patient.
Signs of obstructed labour per vaginally include
- A. Dry vagina, Oedema of the cervix, Caput succedaneum
- B. Plenty amniotic fluid, Hot/dry vagina, meconium stained liquor
- C. Meconium stained liquor, Hot/dry vagina, Diluted urine
- D. Caput succedaneum, Oedema of the cervix, plenty amniotic fluid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Signs of obstructed labor include a dry vagina, oedema of the cervix, and caput succedaneum.
Among the major predisposing factors of cardiac disease prenatally are
- A. Rheumatic heart disease and leukaemia
- B. Ischaemic heart disease and dehydration
- C. Uncontrolled hypertension and obesity
- D. Smoking and peptic ulcer disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Uncontrolled hypertension and obesity are major predisposing factors for cardiac disease.
With respect to tumor nomenclature, the AGACNP knows that the term carcinoma describes
- A. Malignant neoplasms of internal structure
- B. Tumors that have lost normal growth regulation
- C. A dysfunctional metaplastic adaptation
- D. Neoplasms of epithelial origin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The term "carcinoma" specifically refers to malignant neoplasms that arise from epithelial cells. Epithelial cells are the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. Carcinomas account for the majority of all cancers and can occur in various organs such as the skin, lungs, breasts, colon, and prostate, among others. Carcinomas are characterized by their ability to invade surrounding tissues and potentially metastasize to distant sites in the body. Therefore, option D is the correct choice when describing what the term "carcinoma" signifies in tumor nomenclature.