Nokea
How does a water birth benefit labor?
- A. Reduces labor pain
- B. Lowers risk of tearing
- C. Enhances relaxation
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Water birth can reduce pain, lower tearing risks, and improve relaxation during labor.
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The AGACNP knows that when managing a patient with acute cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction, all of the following pharmacologic agents may be used except
- A. Opioids
- B. Diuretics
- C. Beta-adrenergic antagonists
- D. Anticholinergics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anticholinergics are not typically used in the management of acute cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction. Anticholinergic medications may worsen tachycardia and exacerbate myocardial ischemia by increasing heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand. Therefore, the AGACNP should avoid using anticholinergics in this patient population.
Ms. Kweke, 17 years, Para 0+0, obstructed labour: a) Define obstructed labour
- A. Uterine contractions without cervical dilation
- B. Any abnormal fetal presentation during labour
- C. Failure of the fetus to descend through the birth canal despite adequate uterine contractions
- D. Prolonged labour with normal fetal presentation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Obstructed labour is failure of the fetus to descend through the birth canal despite adequate uterine contractions.
In marginal cephalopelvic disproportion,
- A. All the patients will need an operative delivery.
- B. Half of the patients will need an operative delivery.
- C. The problem is always overcome during labor.
- D. The pelvis is too small for the fetus to pass through.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Marginal cephalopelvic disproportion can often be managed in labor without the need for a cesarean.
The commonest causative agent for pyelonephritis is
- A. Proteus vulgaris
- B. Escherichia coli
- C. Neisseria gonococcal
- D. Streptococcus faecalis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Escherichia coli is the most common causative agent for pyelonephritis.
On postoperative day 7 following hepatic transplant, the patient evidences signs and symptoms of acute rejection, confirmed by histologic examination. The AGACNP knows that first-line treatment of acute rejection consists of
- A. Cyclosporine
- B. Azathioprine
- C. Methylprednisolone
- D. Sirolimus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The first-line treatment for acute rejection following hepatic transplant is high-dose corticosteroids, such as methylprednisolone. This is because corticosteroids have potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects that can help suppress the immune response causing rejection. Cyclosporine, azathioprine, and sirolimus are also commonly used immunosuppressive medications in transplant patients, but in this case of acute rejection, the immediate treatment of choice is methylprednisolone.