Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Breast

Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Breast Related

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When suspecting an ovarian cyst on the basis of abdominal pain, what other causes need to be ruled out due to the severity of the condition? Select all that apply.

  • A. ectopic pregnancy
  • B. inflamed appendix
  • C. ovarian torsion
  • D. submucosal fibroid
Correct Answer: A,B,C

Rationale: The correct answer is A, B, and C.

A: Ectopic pregnancy can present similarly to an ovarian cyst with abdominal pain. It is a life-threatening emergency due to the risk of rupture.
B: Inflamed appendix can mimic symptoms of an ovarian cyst, such as lower abdominal pain. Appendicitis can lead to serious complications without prompt treatment.
C: Ovarian torsion can cause sudden, severe abdominal pain similar to that of an ovarian cyst. It requires immediate medical attention to prevent ovarian damage or necrosis.
D: Submucosal fibroid is a benign growth in the uterus and would not typically cause symptoms that mimic an ovarian cyst.

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A benign breast condition that includes dilation and inflammation of the collecting ducts is known as

  • A. fibroadenom
  • C. ductal ectasi
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, ductal ectasia. This condition involves dilation and inflammation of the collecting ducts in the breast. Fibroadenoma (choice A) is a benign tumor composed of glandular and connective tissue. Choices B and D do not provide relevant information related to the dilation and inflammation of breast ducts. Therefore, they are incorrect choices.

A patient states, My breasts are so small. I don’t think I will be able to breastfeed my baby. Which is the nurse’s best response?

  • A. It may be difficult but you should try anyway.
  • B. You can always supplement with formul
  • D. All women have about the same amount of glandular tissue necessary to secrete milk.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale:
- Choice D is correct as it provides accurate information that all women have sufficient glandular tissue for milk secretion, regardless of breast size.
- Breast size does not determine breastfeeding ability.
- Choices A and B lack evidence-based information and may discourage the patient or lead to misinformation.

Women may experience exacerbation of autoimmune disorders, such as lupus erythematosus, after labor and delivery because

  • A. the woman's immune system is no longer suppressed
  • B. the woman is in a weakened condition
  • C. the woman is experiencing increased stress and anxiety
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Immune suppression lifts postpartum, potentially triggering autoimmune flares.

Until a neonate regains body weight, the neonate should be nursed at least every

  • A. 2 hours
  • B. 3 hours
  • C. 4 hours
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Frequent feeding supports optimal growth and development.

If a woman with flat nipples has started using a nipple shield while breastfeeding but the infant is not gaining adequate weight, the nurse should advise the woman to

  • A. provide supplemental bottle feedings
  • B. use the nipple shield for only 1 or 2 minutes
  • C. stop breastfeeding
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Supplementation ensures adequate nutrition until effective breastfeeding is established.

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