Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy Quizlet

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A client at 26 weeks gestation is in the office after being discharged from the hospital for preterm contractions. She states that she no longer is having contractions but is really having trouble with heartburn and reflux. Which is the nurse's best response?

  • A. Mix 1 teaspoon of baking soda in a glass of water and drink before eating your meal.
  • B. Use a laxative when your reflux is bad and this will help to empty your stomach.
  • C. Always drink plenty of fluids with your meals to help dilute the food.
  • D. Avoid foods that contain a lot of fat.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Avoid foods that contain a lot of fat. This is the best response because fatty foods can worsen heartburn and reflux by relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to acid reflux. By avoiding high-fat foods, the client can reduce the likelihood of experiencing heartburn and reflux symptoms.

Rationale:
1. High-fat foods can delay stomach emptying, causing food to stay longer in the stomach, increasing the risk of reflux.
2. Fatty foods can trigger the production of more stomach acid, exacerbating heartburn and reflux.
3. Avoiding high-fat foods can help decrease pressure on the stomach, reducing the likelihood of acid reflux.
4. Other options (A, B, C) do not address the root cause of heartburn and reflux associated with high-fat foods.

In summary, choosing option D to avoid high-fat foods is the most appropriate response to help alleviate the client's heartburn and reflux symptoms during pregnancy.

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To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in the cervix, vagina, and position of the fetus, nurses should be aware that:

  • A. because of a number of changes in the cervix, abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) tests are much easier to evaluate
  • B. Quickening is a technique of palpating the fetus to engage it in passive movement
  • C. the deepening color of the vaginal mucosa and cervix (Chadwick's sign) usually appears in the second trimester or later as the vagina prepares to stretch during labor
  • D. increased vascularity of the vagina increases sensitivity and may lead to a high degree of arousal, especially in the second trimester
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Increased vascularity and sensitivity in the vagina are common during pregnancy. Chadwick's sign appears earlier (6-8 weeks), and quickening refers to maternal perception of fetal movement.

The uterus (also known as the womb) in the female reproductive system is located:

  • A. Posterior and superior to the urinary bladder
  • B. On the lateral side of the mammary glands
  • C. Posterior to the testes
  • D. Inferior to the vagina
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The uterus is anatomically located above and behind the urinary bladder in the pelvic cavity.

An expectant patient in her third trimester reports that she developed a strong tie to her baby from the beginning and now is really in tune to her baby's temperament. The nurse interprets this as the development of which maternal task of pregnancy?

  • A. Learning to give of herself
  • B. Developing attachment with the baby
  • C. Securing acceptance of the baby by others
  • D. Seeking safe passage for herself and her baby
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Developing attachment with the baby. In the scenario described, the expectant patient's strong tie and attunement to the baby's temperament indicate the development of an emotional bond or attachment with the baby. This is an essential maternal task during pregnancy as it promotes maternal-infant bonding and prepares the mother for the caregiving role postpartum.

A: Learning to give of herself - While important in motherhood, this choice doesn't specifically address the emotional bond being described in the scenario.
C: Securing acceptance of the baby by others - This choice focuses on external factors rather than the maternal relationship with the baby.
D: Seeking safe passage for herself and her baby - This choice pertains more to physical safety and well-being rather than the emotional connection between the mother and the baby.

A physician has just documented on a prenatal client. The nurse notices that the physician notes the presence of Goodell's sign. The nurse understands that this sign indicates which of the following?

  • A. Changes in the cervix
  • B. Changes in the uterus
  • C. Passive movement of an unengaged fetus
  • D. Fetus that has begun to descend and engage in the pelvis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, changes in the cervix. Goodell's sign refers to the softening of the cervix that occurs during early pregnancy due to increased vascularity and hormonal changes. This sign is an important indicator of pregnancy and is typically observed during the first trimester. Choice B, changes in the uterus, is incorrect because Goodell's sign specifically refers to changes in the cervix, not the uterus as a whole. Choice C, passive movement of an unengaged fetus, is incorrect as Goodell's sign is not related to fetal movement. Choice D, fetus that has begun to descend and engage in the pelvis, is also incorrect as Goodell's sign occurs much earlier in pregnancy before the fetus engages in the pelvis.

During a patient's physical examination the nurse notes that the lower uterine segment is soft on palpation. The nurse would document this finding as:

  • A. Hegar's sign.
  • B. McDonald's sign.
  • C. Chadwick's sign.
  • D. Goodell's sign.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: At approximately 6 weeks of gestation, softening and compressibility of the lower uterine segment occurs; this is called Hegar's sign.

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