Genitourinary System Assessment

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An 11-year-old girl is in the clinic for a sports physical examination. The nurse notices that she has begun to develop breasts, and during the conversation the girl reveals that she is worried about her development. The nurse should use which of these techniques to best assist the young girl in understanding the expected sequence for development? The nurse should:

  • A. Use the Tanner scale on the five stages of sexual development.
  • B. Describe her development and compare it with that of other girls her age.
  • C. Use the Jacobsen table on expected development on the basis of height and weight data.
  • D. Reassure her that her development is within normal limits and tell her not to worry about the next step.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use the Tanner scale on the five stages of sexual development. The Tanner scale is a standardized tool used to assess the stages of sexual development in children and adolescents. By using this scale, the nurse can provide the girl with a clear and objective understanding of her current stage of development and what to expect in the future. This approach helps the young girl feel informed and reassured about the normal process of puberty.

Choice B is incorrect because comparing the girl's development with other girls her age may lead to unnecessary comparisons and anxiety. Choice C is incorrect as the Jacobsen table based on height and weight data is not relevant for assessing sexual development. Choice D is incorrect as simply reassuring the girl without providing detailed information may not address her concerns effectively.

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A 22-year-old woman has been considering using oral contraceptives. As a part of her health history, the nurse should ask:

  • A. Do you have a history of heart murmurs?
  • B. Will you be in a monogamous relationship?
  • C. Have you carefully thought this choice through?
  • D. If you smoke, how many cigarettes do you smoke per day?
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular complications with oral contraceptives. By asking about the number of cigarettes smoked per day, the nurse can assess the level of risk. Choice A is incorrect as it is not directly related to the safety of oral contraceptives. Choice B is important for overall sexual health but not directly related to the safety of oral contraceptives. Choice C is vague and does not provide specific information about potential risks associated with oral contraceptives.

The process by which water is reabsorbed by following solutes when they are reabsorbed is called

  • A. obligatory water reabsorption
  • B. facultative water reabsorption
  • C. osmotic water reabsorption
  • D. renin-angiotensin water reabsorption
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: facultative water reabsorption. This process occurs in the collecting ducts of the nephron in the kidney, where water reabsorption is regulated based on the body's hydration levels. When solutes like sodium are reabsorbed, water follows passively through aquaporin channels, adjusting the amount of water reabsorbed according to the body's needs.

A: Obligatory water reabsorption refers to the constant reabsorption of water in the proximal tubule and descending loop of Henle, not regulated based on hydration levels.

C: Osmotic water reabsorption is a general term referring to the movement of water based on osmotic gradients, not specifically regulated by solute reabsorption.

D: Renin-angiotensin water reabsorption involves the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in response to low blood pressure, focusing on sodium reabsorption rather than direct regulation of

Regarding UTI's will not increase your risk of developing one?

  • A. Pregnancy
  • B. Diabetes mellitus
  • C. Being female
  • D. Catheterization
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Being female. Being female does not increase the risk of developing a UTI. UTIs are more common in females due to shorter urethras. Pregnancy (A) can increase UTI risk due to hormonal changes. Diabetes mellitus (B) can affect the immune system, leading to higher UTI susceptibility. Catheterization (D) introduces bacteria into the urinary tract, significantly increasing the risk of UTIs. Overall, being female alone does not directly increase the risk of UTIs compared to the other factors mentioned.

Which of the following drug should be used only as clinical curative but not as prophylactic in malaria?:

  • A. Pyrimethamine + sulfadoxine
  • B. Proguanil
  • C. Primaquine
  • D. Mefloquine
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Primaquine. Primaquine is used for clinical curative treatment of malaria, particularly for the eradication of hypnozoites in Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale infections. It is not used as a prophylactic drug due to its potential side effects, such as hemolysis in individuals with G6PD deficiency.
Choice A (Pyrimethamine + sulfadoxine) is a combination used for both treatment and prophylaxis.
Choice B (Proguanil) is used for prophylaxis and treatment.
Choice D (Mefloquine) is used for both prophylaxis and treatment of malaria.

A patient with severe infectious disease is being treated with aminoglycoside * antibiotics. Which of the following diuretic should be avoided for this patient because of the serious side effect shared by both drugs?

  • A. Furosemide
  • B. Hydrochlorothiazide
  • C. Spironolactone
  • D. Acetazolamide
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Furosemide. Aminoglycoside antibiotics can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Furosemide, a loop diuretic, also has the potential to cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, leading to a serious side effect when combined with aminoglycosides. On the other hand, choices B, C, and D (Hydrochlorothiazide, Spironolactone, and Acetazolamide) do not share the same serious side effects with aminoglycosides. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that acts on the distal convoluted tubule, Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that acts on the collecting duct, and Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic that works in the proximal tubule. Therefore, Furosemide should

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