Nokea
A tumor producing large amounts of the intestinal hormone GIP may result in:
- A. Hyperglycemia
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Intestinal colic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperglycemia. GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide) is released in response to food intake to stimulate insulin release and inhibit glucagon secretion, leading to reduced blood glucose levels. Excessive GIP production from a tumor can result in excessive insulin release, causing hypoglycemia. This is why the correct answer is hyperglycemia. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the physiological effects of GIP.
You may also like to solve these questions
What is the role of the villi in the small intestine?
- A. secreting digestive enzymes
- B. absorbing nutrients
- C. producing bile
- D. producing mucus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: absorbing nutrients. Villi are finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption of nutrients. They contain blood vessels and lacteals that absorb nutrients like glucose and amino acids. Villi do not secrete digestive enzymes (choice A), produce bile (choice C), or produce mucus (choice D). Digestive enzymes are produced by the pancreas and bile is produced by the liver. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the intestine.
Salivary secretion is stimulated by
- A. the salivary nucleus only.
- B. the salivary nucleus and gastrin.
- C. gastrin only.
- D. the salivary nucleus and local reflexes in the tunica mucosa and submucosa.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Salivary secretion is stimulated by the salivary nucleus in the brainstem and local reflexes in the tunica mucosa and submucosa of the oral cavity. The salivary nucleus receives input from higher brain centers and initiates the salivary reflex. Local reflexes in the oral cavity, such as mechanical stimulation of the mucosa, also trigger salivary secretion. Gastrin, as mentioned in option B and C, is not directly involved in the stimulation of salivary secretion. Option A is incorrect as salivary secretion is not solely stimulated by the salivary nucleus. Option D encompasses the comprehensive stimulation pathways involved in salivary secretion.
A patient receives atropine, an anticholinergic drug, in preparation for surgery. The nurse expects this drug to affect the GI tract by doing what?
- A. Increasing gastric emptying
- B. Relaxing pyloric and ileocecal sphincters
- C. Decreasing secretions and peristaltic action
- D. Stimulating the nervous system of the GI tract
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreasing secretions and peristaltic action. Atropine, as an anticholinergic drug, inhibits the action of acetylcholine, leading to decreased secretions and peristaltic movement in the GI tract. This results in reduced motility and secretion production.
A: Increasing gastric emptying - This is incorrect because atropine actually slows down gastric emptying by reducing peristaltic action.
B: Relaxing pyloric and ileocecal sphincters - This is incorrect because atropine does not directly relax these sphincters.
D: Stimulating the nervous system of the GI tract - This is incorrect because atropine inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to decreased GI tract activity.
At which relative exercise intensity would you expect to utilize the most intramuscular triglycerides?
- A. 25% VO2 max (i.e. 25% of aerobic capacity)
- B. 65% VO2 max
- C. 85% VO2 max
- D. 150% VO2 max
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (65% VO2 max) because at this intensity, the body primarily uses a combination of fats and carbohydrates for energy production. Intramuscular triglycerides are a source of fat utilized during moderate-intensity exercise. At 25% VO2 max (choice A), the body predominantly uses carbohydrates, while at 85% VO2 max (choice C) and 150% VO2 max (choice D), the reliance shifts towards carbohydrates due to the higher intensity levels. Therefore, option B is the most suitable intensity for utilizing intramuscular triglycerides efficiently.
Which of the following is synthesized and stored in the liver cells?
- A. Galactose
- B. Lactose
- C. Glycogen
- D. Arabinose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Glycogen. Glycogen is synthesized and stored in liver cells as a form of glucose storage for energy. The liver plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels by converting excess glucose into glycogen for storage. Galactose (A) is a sugar found in milk and is metabolized in the liver, but it is not synthesized or stored there. Lactose (B) is a disaccharide found in dairy products and is broken down into glucose and galactose in the intestine, not synthesized or stored in the liver. Arabinose (D) is a sugar found in plants but is not synthesized or stored in the liver.