Nokea
The three pairs of extrinsic salivary glands are:
- A. parotid sublingual and ethmoidal
- B. Parotid buccal and submaxillary
- C. Parotid sub mandibular and buccal
- D. Parotid Submandibular and sublingual
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the extrinsic salivary glands are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The parotid gland is located near the ear, the submandibular gland is under the mandible, and the sublingual gland is under the tongue.
A is incorrect because the ethmoidal gland is not an extrinsic salivary gland. B is incorrect because the buccal gland is not an extrinsic salivary gland. C is incorrect because the buccal gland is not an extrinsic salivary gland; it is a minor salivary gland located in the cheek.
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Which of the following is a common risk factor for gallstones?
- A. High-fat diet
- B. Advanced age
- C. Gender (female)
- D. Family history of gallbladder disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gender (female). Women have a higher risk of developing gallstones due to hormonal factors, such as estrogen increasing cholesterol levels in bile. This imbalance can lead to gallstone formation. Advanced age (B) is a risk factor but not as common as gender. While a high-fat diet (A) can contribute to gallstone formation, it is not a primary risk factor. Family history (D) can increase the likelihood of gallstones, but it is not as common as being female.
Gastric secretion composed of all of the following Except:
- A. HCL.
- B. IF.
- C. Mucous.
- D. Amylase.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Amylase. Gastric secretion does not contain amylase. Amylase is an enzyme produced by the pancreas and salivary glands to break down carbohydrates. In the stomach, gastric secretions mainly consist of hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion, intrinsic factor (IF) for vitamin B12 absorption, and mucous to protect the stomach lining. Therefore, amylase is not a component of gastric secretion.
Jason, a 22 y.o. accident victim, requires an NG tube for feeding. What should you immediately do after inserting an NG tube for liquid enteral feedings?
- A. Aspirate for gastric secretions with a syring
- C. Begin feeding slowly to prevent cramping.
- D. Get an X-ray of the tip of the tube within 24 hours.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because aspirating for gastric secretions ensures proper tube placement in the stomach, reducing the risk of aspiration pneumonia. Choice B is irrelevant and doesn't address the immediate post-insertion step. Choice C is incorrect as starting feeding immediately can lead to complications if the tube is not in the correct position. Choice D is incorrect as X-ray verification is not needed immediately after insertion.
Which of the following pretest evaluation measures should the nurse ensure before a client undergoes the gallbladder series test?
- A. Determining the work environment of the client
- B. Determining whether the client has a family history of GI disorders
- C. Determining whether the client is pregnant
- D. Determining whether the client is allergic to seafood or iodine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for the correct answer (C): Determining whether the client is pregnant is crucial before a gallbladder series test because the test involves radiation exposure, which can be harmful to a developing fetus. It is essential to ensure the safety of both the client and the unborn child.
Summary:
- A: Determining the work environment of the client is not directly related to the safety or appropriateness of a gallbladder series test.
- B: Determining whether the client has a family history of GI disorders is important for overall health assessment but not specifically necessary for the pretest evaluation of a gallbladder series test.
- D: Determining whether the client is allergic to seafood or iodine is relevant for contrast materials used in some imaging tests but not specifically for a gallbladder series test.
Most of the enzymes produced in the large intestine and the formation of Vitamin K occurs in
- A. Goblet cells.
- B. simple columnar cells.
- C. teniae coli.
- D. bacteria.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: bacteria. Enzymes in the large intestine are primarily produced by the gut microbiota, which are bacteria residing in the colon. These bacteria play a crucial role in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates and the production of certain vitamins, including Vitamin K. Goblet cells (A) produce mucus, simple columnar cells (B) are involved in absorption, and teniae coli (C) are muscle bands in the colon - none of which are directly responsible for enzyme production or Vitamin K synthesis in the large intestine.