Nokea
Bile facilitates digestion by causing the _____ of fats.
- A. hydrolysis
- B. digestion
- C. catalysis
- D. emulsification
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bile facilitates digestion by emulsifying fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets for better absorption. Emulsification increases the surface area of fats for enzymes to work on. Hydrolysis (A) is the breakdown of molecules by adding water, not specific to fats. Digestion (B) is a general term encompassing all processes, not specific to fats. Catalysis (C) refers to the process of speeding up chemical reactions but doesn't specifically relate to fats like emulsification does.
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The lips are lined by ______ epithelium.
- A. moist stratified squamous
- B. dry stratified squamous
- C. simple columnar
- D. pseudostratified columnar
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: moist stratified squamous epithelium. The lips require a moist lining to prevent dehydration and facilitate movement. Stratified squamous epithelium is ideal for areas subjected to wear and tear, like the lips. The stratified nature provides protection, while the squamous cells allow flexibility and ease of movement. The moist aspect is crucial to maintain hydration and prevent drying out.
Summary:
- Choice B (dry stratified squamous) is incorrect because the lips need a moist lining.
- Choice C (simple columnar) is incorrect because columnar epithelium is not typically found on the lips.
- Choice D (pseudostratified columnar) is incorrect as it is not the most suitable type of epithelium for the lips' functions.
A male client with a recent history of rectal bleeding is being prepared for a colonoscopy. How should the nurse position the client for this test initially?
- A. Lying on the right side with legs straight
- B. Lying on the left side with knees bent
- C. Prone with the torso elevated
- D. Bent over with hands touching the floor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lying on the left side with knees bent. This position allows for better visualization and access to the colon during the colonoscopy procedure. By lying on the left side, the client's colon is in a more optimal position for the scope to navigate through the colon. Additionally, bending the knees helps to relax the abdominal muscles and make the procedure more comfortable for the client.
Incorrect choices:
A: Lying on the right side with legs straight - This position does not provide optimal access to the colon and may make the procedure more difficult.
C: Prone with the torso elevated - This position is not suitable for a colonoscopy as it does not allow for proper access to the colon.
D: Bent over with hands touching the floor - This position is not recommended for a colonoscopy as it is not conducive to the procedure and may cause discomfort for the client.
The _____ nervous system division usually stimulates and promotes digestion.
- A. somatic
- B. sympathetic
- C. central
- D. parasympathetic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: parasympathetic. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for rest and digest functions, including stimulating digestion. It slows heart rate, increases intestinal activity, and promotes the secretion of digestive enzymes. The somatic nervous system (A) controls voluntary movements, the sympathetic nervous system (B) is responsible for the fight or flight response, and the central nervous system (C) consists of the brain and spinal cord, serving as the main control center of the body.
Which of the following is the primary function of the small intestine?
- A. digestion of fats
- B. digestion of carbohydrates
- C. absorption of nutrients
- D. storage of bile
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: absorption of nutrients. The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream for distribution to the body's cells. It has specialized structures like villi and microvilli to maximize absorption surface area. Choice A is incorrect because while the small intestine does play a role in digesting fats, it is not its primary function. Choice B is incorrect because the digestion of carbohydrates primarily occurs in the mouth and stomach. Choice D is incorrect as the small intestine does not store bile, but rather receives it from the liver and gallbladder to aid in digestion.
A nurse is preparing an intervention plan for a client who is receiving tube feedings after an oral surgery. Which of the following measures can prevent improper infusion and assist in preventing vomiting?
- A. Consulting the physician and dietitian
- B. Administering the feedings at room temperature
- C. Changing the tube feeding container and tubing
- D. Checking the tube placement and gastric residual prior to feedings
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Checking the tube placement and gastric residual prior to feedings. This is crucial to ensure proper placement of the tube and to assess if there is any undigested food in the stomach, which can lead to vomiting if fed through the tube. By checking these factors before administering feedings, the nurse can prevent complications.
A: Consulting the physician and dietitian is important but does not directly prevent improper infusion or vomiting.
B: Administering feedings at room temperature is a good practice but does not directly prevent vomiting.
C: Changing the tube feeding container and tubing may be necessary for hygiene but does not directly prevent improper infusion or vomiting.
In summary, checking the tube placement and gastric residual is essential in preventing vomiting and ensuring proper feeding, making it the correct choice.