Lymphatic Immune System Quizlet

Lymphatic Immune System Quizlet Related

Review Lymphatic Immune System Quizlet related questions and content

Which of the following statements is incorrect about celiac disease?

  • A. There is a strong genetic association: more than 90% of celiac patients express the HLA allele DO2 or DO8
  • B. It is technically an allergy but has some features of autoimmunity
  • C. The disease is mainly caused by an abnormal innate response to gluten while adaptive cells are not involved
  • D. The disease is entirely driven by gluten exposure. The gut lesions observed in these patients disappeared upon removal of gluten from the diet
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because celiac disease primarily involves an abnormal adaptive immune response to gluten, not an innate response. Here's the rationale: 1) Celiac disease is characterized by a T-cell mediated response to gluten peptides in genetically susceptible individuals. 2) The adaptive immune system, particularly T cells, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis by recognizing gluten peptides presented by HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 molecules. 3) This adaptive immune response leads to inflammation and damage to the intestinal mucosa. 4) In contrast, the innate immune system may also be activated, but it is not the primary driver of the disease.

Summary:
A: Correct - There is a strong genetic association with HLA alleles.
B: Incorrect - Celiac disease is primarily driven by an adaptive immune response, not just features of autoimmunity.
D: Incorrect - While gluten exposure triggers the immune response, the disease is not solely driven by gluten intake.

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Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is caused when the carpal tunnel compresses which location?

  • A. Radial artery
  • B. Brachial artery
  • C. Median nerve
  • D. Ulnar nerve
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Median nerve. Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve is compressed within the carpal tunnel in the wrist. This compression leads to symptoms like numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers. The other choices are incorrect because the radial artery (A) and the brachial artery (B) are blood vessels, not nerves. The ulnar nerve (D) runs along a different path in the arm and is not involved in carpal tunnel syndrome.

What is the most common cause of secondary immunodeficiency disorders?

  • A. Chronic stress
  • B. T-cell deficiency from HIV
  • C. Drug-induced immunosuppression
  • D. Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Drug-induced immunosuppression is a frequent cause of secondary immunodeficiency, often due to medications used in treating other conditions.

Which cytokine group is most commonly associated with antiviral responses?

  • A. Interleukins
  • B. Interferons
  • C. Tumor necrosis factors
  • D. Transforming growth factors
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Interferons are the correct answer as they are a cytokine group primarily associated with antiviral responses. They play a key role in the immune response against viral infections by inhibiting viral replication and spreading to other cells. Interleukins are more diverse and involved in various immune responses, not specifically antiviral. Tumor necrosis factors are more related to inflammation and cell death. Transforming growth factors are involved in cell growth and differentiation, not primarily antiviral responses. Therefore, B: Interferons is the most appropriate choice for cytokine group associated with antiviral responses.

A nurse attends a seminar on the immune system and learns about the different lymphocytes in the body. Where do the T lymphocytes originate from and where do they travel to?

  • A. Bone marrow and the lymph nodes
  • B. Bone marrow and plasma
  • C. Bone marrow and spleen
  • D. Bone marrow and thymus
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: T lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus where they become specialized for immune responses.

What is a key concept of the evolutionary arms race between hosts and pathogens?

  • A. Both evolve to outcompete the other
  • B. Pathogens evolve faster due to slow host mutation rates
  • C. Hosts rely on chemical barriers rather than evolution
  • D. Pathogens only evolve when hosts fail to adapt
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Evolutionary arms race involves a continuous cycle of adaptations by both hosts and pathogens to gain an advantage.
Step 2: Both parties strive to outcompete each other to survive and reproduce.
Step 3: This leads to a dynamic process where hosts evolve defense mechanisms while pathogens evolve ways to overcome them.
Step 4: Therefore, the key concept is that both hosts and pathogens evolve to outcompete each other in the evolutionary arms race.
Summary:
- Option B is incorrect as hosts can also evolve rapidly through mechanisms like recombination.
- Option C is incorrect as hosts do evolve through genetic changes, not just relying on chemical barriers.
- Option D is incorrect as pathogens continuously evolve strategies, not just when hosts fail to adapt.

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