Nokea
Growth hormone:
- A. is secreted by the adenohypophysis.
- B. stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system.
- C. is also called somatotropic hormone.
- D. all is applicable.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is D because growth hormone is indeed secreted by the adenohypophysis, it stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system, and it is also known as somatotropic hormone. All the statements in choices A, B, and C are true regarding growth hormone, making option D the correct choice. The other choices are incorrect because they do not encompass all the functions and characteristics of growth hormone as described in the question.
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All of the following are endocrine glands EXCEPT
- A. adrenal glands.
- B. sweat glands.
- C. parathyroid glands.
- D. pineal gland.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: sweat glands. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, affecting various organs and tissues. Sweat glands, on the other hand, are exocrine glands that release sweat through ducts onto the skin's surface to regulate body temperature. Adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline (A), parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels in the body (C), and the pineal gland produces melatonin to regulate sleep-wake cycles (D). Therefore, sweat glands do not fit the definition of an endocrine gland, making them the correct choice.
Mrs. Crane, an insulin-dependent diabetic, is scheduled for general surgery. The nurse's preoperative teaching should place special emphasis on
- A. pain medications available postoperatively
- B. coughing and deep breathing
- C. early ambulation
- D. adjusting insulin requirements
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patients undergoing surgery need adjusted insulin dosages to maintain stable blood glucose levels during the perioperative period.
The following statements concerning prazosin and phentolamine are correct EXCEPT:
- A. Both antagonize alpha1-receptors
- B. Both cause the same degree of tachycardia
- C. Both decrease blood pressure
- D. Both are competitive antagonists
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
1. Prazosin and phentolamine both antagonize alpha1-receptors, leading to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure.
2. Both drugs are competitive antagonists, competing with norepinephrine at alpha1-receptors.
3. However, phentolamine causes reflex tachycardia due to its non-selective alpha-adrenergic blockade, unlike prazosin.
4. Therefore, the statement that both cause the same degree of tachycardia is incorrect based on their pharmacological differences.
Which is a nutritionally essential amino acid?
- A. taunine
- B. leucine
- C. glutamate
- D. alanine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale for correct answer (B - leucine): Leucine is an essential amino acid, meaning it cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through diet. It plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, muscle repair, and growth. It is essential for overall health and well-being.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A - taurine: Taurine is a conditionally essential amino acid, not nutritionally essential.
C - glutamate: Glutamate is a non-essential amino acid, as the body can synthesize it.
D - alanine: Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, as the body can also produce it.
A 10-year-old boy is diagnosed with Attention Deficit/Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD). Which of the following drugs is most likely to prove effective for relieving the boy’s main symptoms?
- A. Dobutamine
- B. Amphetamine
- C. Pancuronium
- D. Prazosin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amphetamine. Amphetamine is a stimulant commonly used to treat symptoms of ADHD as it helps improve focus, impulse control, and hyperactivity. It works by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. Dobutamine (A) is a different type of stimulant used for heart conditions. Pancuronium (C) is a muscle relaxant used during surgery, and Prazosin (D) is an alpha-blocker used for high blood pressure and PTSD nightmares. Therefore, Amphetamine is the most likely drug to be effective for relieving the boy's main symptoms of ADHD.