Nokea
The female reproductive system includes the following structures:
- A. ovary;
- B. Fallopian tubes;
- C. vagina;
- D. vulva;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: ovary. The female reproductive system includes the ovaries, which are responsible for producing eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. The Fallopian tubes are passageways for eggs to travel from the ovaries to the uterus, not a part of the system itself. The vagina is the birth canal and where sperm enters during intercourse, but it is not a reproductive organ. The vulva includes external genitalia like the labia and clitoris, but it is not a reproductive structure. Therefore, the ovary is the only structure directly involved in the reproductive process.
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The superior portion of the uterus is the _____.
- A. body
- B. cervix
- C. fundus
- D. infundibulum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: fundus. The fundus is the superior portion of the uterus, located above the entry point of the fallopian tubes. It is the part of the uterus where the fertilized egg implants and grows during pregnancy. The body of the uterus (choice A) is the main central portion, the cervix (choice B) is the lower narrow part that connects to the vagina, and the infundibulum (choice D) is a part of the fallopian tube, not the uterus. Thus, the fundus is the correct choice as it specifically refers to the superior portion of the uterus.
Which of the following tissues secrete proteolytic enzymes to liquefy semen?
- A. bulbourethral gland
- B. urethra
- C. prostate
- D. testis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: prostate. The prostate gland secretes proteolytic enzymes such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to liquefy semen. This aids in sperm mobility and overall fertility. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: bulbourethral gland secretes a clear fluid to lubricate the urethra during sexual arousal.
B: urethra is a passageway for urine and semen but does not secrete proteolytic enzymes.
D: testis produces sperm cells but does not secrete enzymes to liquefy semen.
At the level of the testicle, the straight tubules:
- A. are located inside the lobules;
- B. continue the convoluted seminiferous tubules;
- C. open in the rete testis;
- D. open in the epididymal duct;
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the straight tubules open into the rete testis, which is a network of tubules located at the hilum of the testis. This is where sperm produced in the seminiferous tubules are collected and transported to the epididymis for maturation. The other choices are incorrect because A is not accurate as straight tubules are not located inside the lobules, B is incorrect as straight tubules are a separate structure from the convoluted seminiferous tubules, and D is inaccurate as straight tubules do not open directly into the epididymal duct.
If a woman has a tumor secreting large amounts of estrogen from the adrenal gland, which of the following will occur?
- A. Progesterone levels in the blood will be very low
- B. Her luteinizing hormone secretion rate will be totally suppressed
- C. She will not have normal menstrual cycles
- D. Her bones will be normally calcified
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Her luteinizing hormone secretion rate will be totally suppressed
Rationale:
1. The tumor secretes large amounts of estrogen, which can lead to negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
2. Luteinizing hormone (LH) is crucial for ovulation and normal menstrual cycles.
3. High estrogen levels can suppress LH secretion, disrupting ovulation and menstrual cycles.
Summary of other choices:
A: Progesterone levels may actually be elevated due to the tumor-induced high estrogen levels.
C: The disruption of LH secretion can lead to abnormal menstrual cycles.
D: High estrogen levels can lead to bone loss due to inhibition of bone formation and increased bone resorption.
Recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation is known as _________.
- A. Electromyograph
- B. Electroencephalography
- C. Electromyography
- D. Electroencephalography
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C):
1. Electromyography (EMG) specifically measures muscle contraction strength.
2. It involves placing electrodes on the skin to record electrical activity produced by muscles.
3. EMG is commonly used in clinical and research settings to assess muscle function and diagnose neuromuscular disorders.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A. Electromyograph: Incorrect term, should be "Electromyography".
B. Electroencephalography: Measures brain activity, not muscle contraction.
D. Electroencephalography: Same as choice B, measures brain activity, not muscle contraction.