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Which of the following is NOT an example of public health services?
- A. Control of communicable diseases
- B. Environmental sanitation
- C. Hospital management
- D. Health education
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hospital management. Public health services focus on preventing diseases and promoting community well-being, which do not directly involve managing individual healthcare institutions like hospitals. Control of communicable diseases, environmental sanitation, and health education are examples of public health services as they involve disease prevention, creating healthy environments, and educating the public on health-related issues. Hospital management, on the other hand, pertains to the administration and operation of healthcare facilities, which is not a core function of public health services.
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During which phase of the community organizing process are the leaders or groups provided training to develop their knowledge, skills, and attitude in managing their own programs?
- A. Sustenance and strengthening phase
- B. Pre-entry phase
- C. Organizing-building phase
- D. Entry phase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sustenance and strengthening phase. This phase focuses on empowering leaders and groups by providing training to enhance their abilities in managing programs. During this phase, they acquire the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitude needed for sustained success. In contrast, the other choices are incorrect. B: Pre-entry phase precedes the actual organizing process. C: Organizing-building phase focuses on mobilizing and organizing the community. D: Entry phase involves initiating contact and establishing relationships.
Where does the classic definition of public health originate from?
- A. Ruth B. Freeman
- B. Lilian Wald
- C. Dr. C. E. Winslow
- D. World Health Organization Expert Committee on Nursing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dr. C. E. Winslow. Dr. Winslow is known for defining public health as "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized efforts of society." He published this definition in his book in 1920, which became a cornerstone in defining public health. Ruth B. Freeman and Lilian Wald were notable figures in public health, but they did not originate the classic definition. The World Health Organization Expert Committee on Nursing is not directly associated with the classic definition of public health.
In which declaration was the concept of Primary Health Care discussed?
- A. Alma Ata Declaration
- B. Declaration of Helsinki
- C. Declaration of Human Rights
- D. Declaration of Ottawa
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Alma Ata Declaration. This declaration, adopted in 1978, specifically focused on the concept of Primary Health Care (PHC). It emphasized the importance of addressing basic healthcare needs, promoting community participation, and integrating healthcare services. The Declaration of Helsinki (B) pertains to medical research ethics, not primary health care. The Declaration of Human Rights (C) addresses fundamental human rights, not healthcare. The Declaration of Ottawa (D) is related to health promotion, not primary health care.
Which term describes a situation in which there is a demonstrated health need combined with actual or potential resources to apply remedial measures and a commitment to act on the part of the provider or the client?
- A. Health deficit
- B. Health need
- C. Health problem
- D. Foreseeable crisis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Health problem. A health problem refers to a situation where there is a demonstrated health need, available resources for remedial actions, and a commitment to address the issue. It encompasses the essential components of a health issue, including the recognition of the need for intervention, the presence of resources to address the problem, and a willingness to take action.
A: Health deficit does not necessarily imply a commitment to act or the presence of resources.
B: Health need alone does not address the availability of resources or the commitment to take action.
D: Foreseeable crisis does not capture the notion of a demonstrated health need or the commitment to address the issue.
Which of the following is used to monitor specific groups eligible for a certain program of the DOH?
- A. Family treatment record
- B. Target Client list
- C. Reporting forms
- D. Output record
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Target Client list. This is used to monitor specific groups eligible for a certain program of the Department of Health (DOH).
- A: Family treatment record is specific to tracking treatment history, not program eligibility monitoring.
- C: Reporting forms are used to collect data but not specifically to monitor eligible groups.
- D: Output record refers to the results of a process, not the monitoring of eligible groups.