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An older adult with Alzheimers disease lives with family in a rural area. During the week, the person attends a day care center while the family is at work. In the evenings, members of the family provide care. Which factor makes this patient most vulnerable to abuse?
- A. Multiple caregivers
- B. Alzheimers disease
- C. Living in a rural area
- D. Being part of a busy family
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Older adults are at high risk for violence, particularly those with cognitive impairments. The other characteristics are not identified as placing an individual at high risk.
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Which of these is not a pitfall of Ecosystems Theory?
- A. May value the status quo and avoid any real change to avoid disruptions within the family or to ensure stability
- B. Existing circumstances may be accepted as givens. The focus may be to make adjustments within those limits, instead of challenging the limits.
- C. One must master many interventive skills to address issues at all system levels which is not realistic.
- D. There is an inattention to power differences in family and in the community regarding interpretations
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Attention to power differences is a strength, not a pitfall, of ecosystems theory.
A patient with AIDS is planning a trip to Mexico. What teaching should the nurse provide to this patient to prevent the development of an opportunistic infection? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Use beach towels.
- B. Do not walk barefoot.
- C. Do not eat raw fruits or vegetables.
- D. Clean bathroom supplies with bleach.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use beach towels. Using beach towels can help prevent skin infections caused by exposure to contaminated surfaces. Walking barefoot (B) can increase the risk of skin infections. Eating raw fruits or vegetables (C) is not directly related to preventing opportunistic infections in this scenario. Cleaning bathroom supplies with bleach (D) is important for general hygiene but not specific to preventing opportunistic infections.
Which question best assesses an individual's ability to cope with the potential emotional crisis resulting from the death of a parent?
- A. Have you ever lost a loved one before?'
- B. Do you think you will be able to cope well?'
- C. Do you feel you have supportive people to rely upon?'
- D. Are you able to draw on fond memories of your parent?'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, "Have you ever lost a loved one before?" This question assesses the individual's prior experience with loss, providing insight into their coping mechanisms. It allows the individual to reflect on past experiences and potentially apply strategies used previously. Choice B is too direct and may not accurately predict coping ability. Choice C focuses on external support rather than individual coping skills. Choice D assumes positive memories are always accessible, which may not be the case in grief.
Freud defines the ego as:
- A. Helping to determine what is right and what is wrong.
- B. Being concerned with self-gratification.
- C. Focusing on reality.
- D. The part where a person is only concerned with ones individual needs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ego is responsible for meeting and interacting with the outside world. The id is balanced by the ego.
What cardiovascular medication is often introduced for persons suffering from performance anxiety, social phobia, or panic disorder?
- A. Propranolol (Inderal)
- B. Explosive occipital headache
- C. Clonazepam for myoclonus
- D. Course hand tremor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Propranolol (Inderal) is a beta-blocker commonly used to manage physical symptoms associated with anxiety, such as tremors and rapid heart rate. It is effective for performance anxiety, social phobia, and panic disorder by reducing physiological symptoms without affecting cognitive functions. Other choices like B, C, and D are not indicated for these conditions and do not target the cardiovascular symptoms associated with anxiety.