Gastrointestinal Diseases NCLEX Review Questions

Gastrointestinal Diseases NCLEX Review Questions Related

Review Gastrointestinal Diseases NCLEX Review Questions related questions and content

A 22-year-old patient calls the outpatient clinic complaining of nausea and vomiting and right lower abdominal pain. What should the nurse advise the patient to do?

  • A. Use a heating pad to relax the muscles at the site of the pain.
  • B. Drink at least 2 quarts of juice to replace the fluid lost in vomiting.
  • C. Take a laxative to empty the bowel before examination at the clinic.
  • D. Have the symptoms evaluated by a health care provider right away.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient is experiencing symptoms that could indicate appendicitis, a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. Nausea, vomiting, and right lower abdominal pain are classic signs of appendicitis. Advising the patient to have the symptoms evaluated by a healthcare provider right away is crucial to prevent potential complications like a ruptured appendix.

Choice A is incorrect because using a heating pad may worsen the condition if it is indeed appendicitis. Choice B is incorrect because drinking juice may not address the underlying cause of the symptoms. Choice C is incorrect because taking a laxative is not recommended as it could potentially aggravate the condition.

In summary, choice D is the correct answer as it prioritizes the patient's health and safety by seeking prompt medical evaluation for the concerning symptoms.

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Amylase secreted by the salivary glands into the oral cavity starts the digestion of:

  • A. Proteins
  • B. Lipids
  • C. Starch
  • D. Amino acids
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Starch. Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose in the oral cavity. This process is the initial step in carbohydrate digestion. Proteins are primarily digested in the stomach by pepsin. Lipids are broken down by lipase in the small intestine. Amino acids are the end product of protein digestion, not the substrate for amylase. Therefore, the correct answer is C as amylase specifically targets starch for digestion.

The following statements are true about bile except:

  • A. 25% is produced by bile duct cells
  • B. The bile stored in the gall bladder contains secondary bile acids
  • C. Its secretion is increased by secretin
  • D. Bile pigments are needed for micelle formation
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because bile pigments are not needed for micelle formation. Micelles are formed by bile salts, which aid in the emulsification of fats. Choice A is incorrect as bile is primarily produced by the liver, not bile duct cells. Choice B is incorrect as primary bile acids are stored in the gall bladder, not secondary bile acids. Choice C is incorrect as secretin stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes, not bile secretion.

The pancreas produces all of the following except which one?

  • A. amylase
  • B. lipase
  • C. insulin
  • D. bile
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: bile. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes such as amylase and lipase to break down carbohydrates and fats. It also produces insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. Bile, however, is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, not by the pancreas. Therefore, the pancreas does not produce bile. This makes option D the correct answer.

The alkaline tide occurs when _____ is excreted into the urine.

  • A. HCl
  • B. H+
  • C. bicarbonate ions
  • D. phosphate ions
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: bicarbonate ions. During the alkaline tide, the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl) to aid digestion, which leads to an increase in bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in the blood to maintain pH balance. These excess bicarbonate ions are then excreted into the urine, resulting in an alkaline pH. Choice A (HCl) is incorrect because HCl is not excreted into the urine during the alkaline tide. Choice B (H+) is incorrect as it does not directly relate to the process of the alkaline tide. Choice D (phosphate ions) is incorrect as they are not the primary ions excreted to produce an alkaline urine during the alkaline tide.

In discussing long-term management with the patient with alcoholic cirrhosis, what should the nurse advise the patient?

  • A. A daily exercise regimen is important to increase the blood flow through the liver.
  • B. Cirrhosis can be reversed if the patient follows a regimen of proper rest and nutrition.
  • C. Abstinence from alcohol is the most important factor in improvement of the patient's condition.
  • D. The only over-the-counter analgesic that should be used for minor aches and pains is acetaminophen.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Abstinence from alcohol is the most important factor in improvement of the patient's condition. This is because alcohol is the primary cause of alcoholic cirrhosis, and continued consumption can worsen liver damage. Abstinence allows the liver to heal and potentially improve function.

Explanation of why the other choices are incorrect:
A: A daily exercise regimen is important for overall health but may not specifically increase blood flow through the liver in alcoholic cirrhosis.
B: Cirrhosis is irreversible, although proper rest and nutrition can help manage symptoms and prevent further damage.
D: Acetaminophen can be harmful to the liver in high doses and should be used cautiously in patients with cirrhosis.

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