Nokea
A 3 year old child has been admitted to hospital with suspicion of an atropine overdose. Which of the following symptoms could have led to the arrival of the diagnosis?
- A. Abdominal cramps
- B. Increased gastric secretion
- C. Increased cardiac rate
- D. Papillary constriction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Atropine overdose causes tachycardia due to muscarinic blockade.
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Which phenothiazine has the least extra pyramidal effect
- A. Thioridazine
- B. Chlorpromazine
- C. Triflupromazine
- D. Fluphenazine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thioridazine has fewer extrapyramidal effects.
All of the following are protein bound except:
- A. Propranolol
- B. Atenolol
- C. Phenylbutazone
- D. Warfarin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atenolol has low protein binding; others bind extensively.
Which of the following drugs are mucolytics?
- A. Diphenhydramine
- B. Carbocisteine and mecysteine
- C. Methadone or diamorphine
- D. Atropine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carbocisteine and mecysteine break mucus disulfide bonds, acting as mucolytics.
A 57-year-old man was recently diagnosed with Type-2 diabetes mellitus and placed on a medication. He began having myalgias and feeling sick and later developed respiratory distress, so he went to the hospital. His pH was 7.2, and he had elevated blood lactate levels. Which drug is likely causing his problem?
- A. Acarbose
- B. Glyburide
- C. Metformin
- D. Pioglitazone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metformin can cause lactic acidosis, a rare but serious side effect, presenting with low pH and elevated lactate levels.
Which of the following is the most frequent cause of weight loss and decrease of apetite:
- A. While using insulin medications
- B. While treated with acarbose
- C. While treated with metformin
- D. While treated with glibenclamid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metformin often causes weight loss and reduced appetite as a side effect due to its effects on metabolism and gastrointestinal function.