Nokea
A 4-year-old boy ingested an unknown quantity of drain cleaner. He is alert, has a patent airway, and has adequate breathing. You should:
- A. administer 1 g/kg of activated charcoal.
- B. give 15 mL of ipecac and contact medical control.
- C. contact poison control and give him oxygen.
- D. give oxygen and perform a head-to-toe exam.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a child ingests a harmful substance like drain cleaner and remains alert with a patent airway and adequate breathing, the initial steps involve contacting poison control to guide further management. In this scenario, providing oxygen to support respiratory function is essential until definitive care is established. Activated charcoal and ipecac are not recommended in the management of ingested caustic substances like drain cleaner. Performing a head-to-toe exam can wait until the child's immediate respiratory needs are addressed and the poison control center has provided guidance on further management.
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In which of the following situations would the EMT MOST likely deliver a baby at the scene?
- A. A tornado has struck and blocked the only route to the hospital.
- B. Contractions are 8 to 10 minutes apart and irregular.
- C. The amniotic sac has ruptured, and contractions occur regularly.
- D. The hospital is 15 miles away, and crowning is not present.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The EMT may be required to deliver a baby at the scene when external factors like a tornado have blocked the only route to the hospital, making it impossible to reach the medical facility in time for delivery. In such emergencies, the EMT must be prepared to manage the childbirth process until further medical assistance can be obtained.
Which of the following is NOT an appropriate treatment for an 18-year-old woman with severe vaginal bleeding?
- A. Covering the vagina with a trauma dressing.
- B. Administering high concentrations of oxygen.
- C. Placing sterile dressings into the vagina.
- D. Keeping her warm with blankets.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Placing sterile dressings into the vagina is not an appropriate treatment for severe vaginal bleeding. The correct approach involves applying pressure to the external vaginal area to control bleeding, covering the vagina with a trauma dressing to help with compression, administering high concentrations of oxygen to support oxygenation, and keeping the patient warm with blankets to prevent hypothermia. Placing sterile dressings into the vagina can introduce foreign material, increase the risk of infection, and obstruct proper wound management, making it an incorrect treatment option in this scenario.
After an advanced airway device has been inserted in a 6-month-old infant in cardiopulmonary arrest, you should deliver ventilations at a rate of:
- A. 10 to 12 breaths/min.
- B. 12 to 20 breaths/min.
- C. 6 to 8 breaths/min.
- D. 8 to 10 breaths/min.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
What is the MOST common cause of shock in infants and children?
- A. Severe allergic reaction
- B. Dehydration
- C. Accidental poisoning
- D. Cardiac failure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dehydration is the most common cause of shock in infants and children. In children, the body's fluid reserves are smaller compared to adults, making them more susceptible to dehydration, which can lead to shock if not promptly addressed. Severe allergic reactions, accidental poisoning, and cardiac failure can also cause shock, but dehydration is the most frequent cause in this age group.
When inserting an oropharyngeal airway in a small child, what is the preferred method?
- A. Insert the airway with the curvature towards the roof of the mouth and then rotate it 180 degrees.
- B. Insert the airway as you would in an adult, but use an airway that is one size smaller than usual.
- C. Depress the tongue with a tongue blade and insert the airway with the downward curve facing the tongue.
- D. Open the airway with the tongue-jaw lift maneuver and insert the airway until slight resistance is met.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When inserting an oropharyngeal airway in a small child, it is crucial to depress the tongue with a tongue blade and insert the airway with the downward curve facing the tongue. This technique helps in maintaining an open airway and preventing obstruction by the tongue. Placing the airway with the curve facing the roof of the mouth or using a smaller size is not recommended for small children, as it may not effectively keep the airway patent. The tongue-jaw lift maneuver is not the preferred method for inserting an oropharyngeal airway in small children.