Nokea
A 50-year-old woman calls the clinic because she has noticed some changes in her body and breasts and wonders if these changes could be attributable to the hormone replacement therapy (HRT) she started 3 months earlier. The nurse should tell her:
- A. HRT is at such a low dose that side effects are very unusual.
- B. HRT has several side effects, including fluid retention, breast tenderness, and vaginal bleeding.
- C. Vaginal bleeding with HRT is very unusual; I suggest you come into the clinic immediately to have this evaluated.
- D. It sounds as if your dose of estrogen is too high; I think you may need to decrease the amount you are taking and then call back in a week.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because hormone replacement therapy (HRT) commonly causes side effects such as fluid retention, breast tenderness, and vaginal bleeding. This information is important for the nurse to communicate to the patient, as it aligns with the symptoms the woman is experiencing. Choice A is incorrect as even low doses of HRT can still result in side effects. Choice C is incorrect because vaginal bleeding with HRT is not very unusual and does not necessitate immediate evaluation unless it is severe. Choice D is incorrect as adjusting the dose without proper evaluation could be dangerous and is not the appropriate first step in addressing the patient's concerns.
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The dartos muscle is responsible for:
- A. Temperature regulation.
- B. herni
- D. Wrinkled appearance of scrotum.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Wrinkled appearance of scrotum. The dartos muscle is a smooth muscle in the scrotum that contracts and causes the wrinkled appearance of the scrotum. This contraction helps regulate the temperature of the testes by moving them closer to or further away from the body for optimal sperm production. Choice A is incorrect because temperature regulation is primarily controlled by the cremaster muscle. Choice B is incorrect as hernia is not a function of the dartos muscle. Choice C is an incomplete choice and does not relate to the function of the dartos muscle.
A 75 year old man is suffering from benign prostatic hypertrophy and is being treated with terazosin. Which of the following adverse reaction would be expected taking this drug?
- A. Erectile dysfunction
- B. Orthostatic hypotension
- C. GI distress
- D. Gynecomastia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Orthostatic hypotension. Terazosin is an alpha-1 blocker commonly used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy. It works by relaxing smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder neck. This relaxation can lead to vasodilation and subsequently cause a drop in blood pressure. Orthostatic hypotension is a common adverse reaction of alpha-1 blockers due to this mechanism. The other choices, A: Erectile dysfunction, C: GI distress, and D: Gynecomastia are not typically associated with terazosin use. Erectile dysfunction can actually be improved with alpha-1 blockers as they relax smooth muscle in the prostate, allowing for easier urination and potentially improved sexual function. GI distress and gynecomastia are not common side effects of terazosin.
Why should the nurse assess the client's pressure dressing frequently after an angiography procedure?
- A. To note frank bleeding.
- B. To note hematoma formation.
- C. To check for signs of arterial occlusion.
- D. To assess peripheral pulses.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To note hematoma formation. After an angiography procedure, there is a risk of bleeding under the pressure dressing, leading to hematoma formation. By assessing the dressing frequently, the nurse can detect any signs of hematoma early, preventing complications such as compromised circulation or infection. Checking for frank bleeding (Choice A) is important but less likely to occur under a pressure dressing. Arterial occlusion (Choice C) is a serious but less immediate concern post-angiography. Assessing peripheral pulses (Choice D) is also important but not specific to monitoring for hematoma formation.
The process by which water is reabsorbed by following solutes when they are reabsorbed is called
- A. obligatory water reabsorption
- B. facultative water reabsorption
- C. osmotic water reabsorption
- D. renin-angiotensin water reabsorption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: facultative water reabsorption. This process occurs in the collecting ducts of the nephron in the kidney, where water reabsorption is regulated based on the body's hydration levels. When solutes like sodium are reabsorbed, water follows passively through aquaporin channels, adjusting the amount of water reabsorbed according to the body's needs.
A: Obligatory water reabsorption refers to the constant reabsorption of water in the proximal tubule and descending loop of Henle, not regulated based on hydration levels.
C: Osmotic water reabsorption is a general term referring to the movement of water based on osmotic gradients, not specifically regulated by solute reabsorption.
D: Renin-angiotensin water reabsorption involves the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in response to low blood pressure, focusing on sodium reabsorption rather than direct regulation of
Regarding UTI's will not increase your risk of developing one?
- A. Pregnancy
- B. Diabetes mellitus
- C. Being female
- D. Catheterization
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Being female. Being female does not increase the risk of developing a UTI. UTIs are more common in females due to shorter urethras. Pregnancy (A) can increase UTI risk due to hormonal changes. Diabetes mellitus (B) can affect the immune system, leading to higher UTI susceptibility. Catheterization (D) introduces bacteria into the urinary tract, significantly increasing the risk of UTIs. Overall, being female alone does not directly increase the risk of UTIs compared to the other factors mentioned.