Nokea
A 60-year-old African American patient is afraid she might have anal cancer. What assessment finding puts her at high risk for anal cancer?
- A. Alcohol use
- B. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
- C. Only one sexual partner
- D. Use of a condom with sexual intercourse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a significant risk factor for anal cancer, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems.
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The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic kidney disease. Which of the following laboratory results should the nurse prioritize?
- A. Potassium level of 3.5 mEq/L
- B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 18 mg/dL
- C. Serum creatinine level of 4.0 mg/dL
- D. Hemoglobin level of 12 g/dL
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Serum creatinine level of 4.0 mg/dL. This is prioritized as high serum creatinine indicates impaired kidney function in chronic kidney disease. Elevated creatinine levels suggest decreased glomerular filtration rate, which is crucial in monitoring kidney function. Option A (Potassium level of 3.5 mEq/L) may be important due to the risk of hyperkalemia in kidney disease, but it is not as critical as monitoring kidney function. Option B (BUN level of 18 mg/dL) is within normal range and typically fluctuates based on diet and hydration status. Option D (Hemoglobin level of 12 g/dL) is important but not the priority in this case.
In a radical pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) for treatment of cancer of the pancreas, what anatomic structure is completely resected that will affect the patient's nutritional status?
- A. Stomach
- B. Pancreas
- C. Common bile duct
- D. Duodenum adjoining the pancreas
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Whipple procedure involves the removal of the duodenum, which plays a key role in digestion and nutrient absorption.
Regarding HCL:
- A. it inhibits pepsinogen.
- B. it helps in absorption of iron.
- C. it helps in absorption of vitamin B12.
- D. is secreted in response to sympathetic stimulation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: HCL helps in the digestion of food by creating an acidic environment in the stomach.
Step 2: This acidic environment aids in the breakdown of food components, including iron.
Step 3: Iron absorption is enhanced in the presence of HCL.
Conclusion: Choice B is correct as HCL helps in the absorption of iron. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as HCL does not inhibit pepsinogen, aid in absorption of vitamin B12, or secreted in response to sympathetic stimulation.
Which information in this male patient's electronic health record as shown in the accompanying figure will the nurse use to confirm that the patient has metabolic syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Weight
- B. Waist size
- C. Blood glucose
- D. Blood pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Waist size. The nurse can confirm metabolic syndrome by assessing waist size as it is a key component in diagnosing the condition. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by central obesity, which is reflected in an increased waist circumference. The other choices, weight (A), blood glucose (C), and blood pressure (D), may provide valuable information in assessing the patient's overall health but are not specific indicators of metabolic syndrome. Weight alone does not necessarily indicate central obesity, blood glucose may be elevated due to other reasons, and blood pressure can be affected by various factors unrelated to metabolic syndrome. Therefore, waist size is the most relevant measure to confirm the presence of metabolic syndrome in this case.
How should the nurse teach the patient with a hiatal hernia or GERD to control symptoms?
- A. Drink 10 to 12 oz of water with each meal.
- B. Space six small meals a day between breakfast and bedtime.
- C. Sleep with the head of the bed elevated on 4- to 6-inch blocks
- D. Perform daily exercises of toe-touching, sit-ups, and weight lifting.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sleeping with the head of the bed elevated helps prevent gastric contents from refluxing into the esophagus, reducing GERD symptoms.