Disorders of the Genitourinary System

Disorders of the Genitourinary System Related

Review Disorders of the Genitourinary System related questions and content

A 70 year old man requires treatment with an alpha-blocker for overflow incontinence due to enlarged prostate. Which of the following alpha blocking drugs is most appropriate drug to prescribe that will not affect his blood pressure significantly?

  • A. Prazosin
  • B. Phentolamine
  • C. Tamsulosin
  • D. Terazosin
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tamsulosin. It is the most appropriate alpha-blocker for the elderly man with enlarged prostate and overflow incontinence because of its selective action on alpha-1A receptors in the prostate, leading to relaxation of smooth muscle without significantly affecting blood pressure.

Rationale:
1. Prazosin (Choice A) and Terazosin (Choice D) are non-selective alpha-blockers that can cause significant blood pressure lowering due to their action on alpha-1 receptors in blood vessels, which may not be suitable for this patient.
2. Phentolamine (Choice B) is also a non-selective alpha-blocker that can lead to significant blood pressure reduction, making it unsuitable for this patient.
3. Tamsulosin (Choice C) is a selective alpha-1A blocker, primarily acting on the prostate, with minimal impact on blood pressure, making it the most appropriate choice for this patient.

You may also like to solve these questions

Which of the following drug that acts by inhibiting HIV protease enzyme? *

  • A. Lamivudine
  • B. Efavirenz
  • C. Stavudine
  • D. Ritonavir
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ritonavir. Ritonavir is a protease inhibitor that works by inhibiting the HIV protease enzyme, which is crucial for viral replication. This action helps prevent the virus from spreading and multiplying in the body. Lamivudine (A), Efavirenz (B), and Stavudine (C) are not protease inhibitors and work through different mechanisms like nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibition (Lamivudine and Stavudine) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibition (Efavirenz). Therefore, they do not directly target the HIV protease enzyme like Ritonavir does.

A 25-year-old woman presents to the clinic with pain in her lower abdomen and an abnormal pap smear result. The nurse suspects that she might have an ectopic pregnancy. Which of the following is the most common symptom of ectopic pregnancy?

  • A. Severe pain on one side of the lower abdomen.
  • B. Severe nausea and vomiting.
  • C. Pain with urination or bowel movements.
  • D. Frequent urination.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Severe nausea and vomiting. In an ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, commonly in the fallopian tube. As the pregnancy progresses, the tube can rupture, leading to severe internal bleeding. This bleeding can irritate the abdominal lining, causing nausea and vomiting. Severe pain on one side of the lower abdomen (choice A) is also common but not the most common symptom. Pain with urination or bowel movements (choice C) and frequent urination (choice D) are not typical symptoms of ectopic pregnancy.

Dialysis is used to treat patients with:

  • A. Acute glomerulonephritis.
  • B. Renal failure.
  • C. Nephrolithiasis.
  • D. Pyelonephritis.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Renal failure is a condition where the kidneys are unable to adequately filter waste from the blood.
2. Dialysis is a treatment used to perform the functions of the kidneys in patients with renal failure.
3. Dialysis helps remove excess waste, fluids, and toxins from the blood, maintaining proper electrolyte balance.
4. Patients with acute glomerulonephritis, nephrolithiasis, and pyelonephritis may not require dialysis as their conditions do not directly affect kidney function to the extent that renal failure does.

Summary:
- A: Acute glomerulonephritis does not always lead to renal failure requiring dialysis.
- C: Nephrolithiasis is the formation of kidney stones and may not always require dialysis.
- D: Pyelonephritis is a kidney infection and may not necessarily lead to renal failure requiring dialysis.

Which of the following fungicidal drug that acts by inhibiting fungal squalene * epoxidase enzyme and is the drug of choice for onymycosis of the toe nails in 56 year old woman with diabetes?

  • A. Griseofulvin
  • B. Terbinane
  • C. Itraconazole
  • D. Amphotiricin B
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Terbinafine is the correct answer as it inhibits fungal squalene epoxidase, disrupting ergosterol synthesis in the fungal cell membrane. This drug is specifically effective against onychomycosis in diabetic patients due to its fungicidal action and good nail penetration. Griseofulvin (A) targets microtubules, not squalene epoxidase. Itraconazole (C) inhibits ergosterol synthesis via a different mechanism. Amphotericin B (D) disrupts fungal cell membrane by binding to ergosterol, not squalene epoxidase.

Which statement best describes Zidovudine:

  • A. Zidovudine in combination with other antiretrovirals is an alternative initial treatment for HIV infection
  • B. Zidovudine is also used to prevent transmission of HIV from the mother to her fetus and to treat AIDS-related dementia
  • C. Peripheral neuropathy is a specific adverse reaction to Zidovudine
  • D. Zidovudine is converted by cellular enzymes to an active form
Correct Answer: zidovudine diphosphate

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Zidovudine is converted by cellular enzymes to an active form (zidovudine diphosphate). Zidovudine itself is a prodrug that needs to be metabolized by cellular enzymes to its active form, zidovudine diphosphate, which inhibits HIV replication by acting as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. This active form is essential for its antiretroviral activity.

Incorrect Choices:
A: Zidovudine in combination with other antiretrovirals is an alternative initial treatment for HIV infection - This is incorrect because zidovudine is commonly used in combination with other antiretrovirals as a first-line treatment for HIV infection, not as an alternative treatment.
B: Zidovudine is also used to prevent transmission of HIV from the mother to her fetus and to treat AIDS-related dementia - This is incorrect because zidovudine is primarily used in

Copyright © 2025 Nokea. All rights reserved.