Nokea
A child develops carditis from rheumatic fever. Which areas of the heart are affected by carditis?
- A. Coronary arteries
- B. Heart muscle and the mitral valve
- C. Aortic and pulmonic valves
- D. Contractility of the ventricles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The tissues that cover the heart and heart valves are affected. The heart muscle may be involved and the mitral valve is frequently involved.
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The nurse is preparing a client for discharge who was recently diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to include in the client's discharge teaching plan?
- A. Use a walker when weakness occurs
- B. Avoid extreme environmental temperatures
- C. Increase daily intake of sodium in diet
- D. Take prescribed cortisone accurately
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking prescribed cortisone accurately is crucial for managing Addison's disease and preventing an adrenal crisis.
Recognised features of constrictive pericarditis are:
- A. Increased fatiguability
- B. Precordial pain
- C. Abdominal distension
- D. Parasternal heave
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Abdominal distension is a recognized feature of constrictive pericarditis due to impaired venous return and hepatic congestion.
The MOST common cause of death from associated cardiac lesions without heart syndrome in the first month of life is
- A. d-Transposition
- B. hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- C. pulmonary atresia
- D. truncus arteriosus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: d-Transposition of the great arteries is a common cause of death in the first month due to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Bronchoconstriction is a recognised side effect of:
- A. Captopril
- B. Salbutamol
- C. Ibuprofen
- D. Paracetamol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Salbutamol can cause bronchoconstriction in some cases due to its paradoxical effect, especially if overused or misused.
Regarding hypogonadotropic hypogonadism:
- A. Kallman syndrome is an example
- B. It is caused by testicular atrophy secondary to trauma
- C. LHRH testing is used to distinguish it from other forms of hypogonadism
- D. It is treated with buserelin sprays
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kallman syndrome is a classic example of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, characterized by delayed puberty and anosmia.