Nokea
A child who has just begun to demonstrate object permanence is in which of the Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational thought
- C. Formal operational thought
- D. Concrete operational thought
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development uses senses and motor abilities to understand the world; this period begins with reflexes and coordinates sensorimotor skills. While in this stage, a child learns that an object still exists when it is out of sight (object permanence).
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A nurse assessing a 4-month-old infant would expect the infant to do which of the following?
- A. Crawl up the stairs.
- B. Creep on the floor at least 30 ft.
- C. Walk upright with a waddling gait.
- D. Hold head at a 90-degree angle while prone.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: At 4 months the infant is able to hold the head up steadily to a 90-degree angle while in the prone position. Infants may crawl at 7 months and creep at about 9 months. Standing with support and walking occur at about 8 to 15 months.
Any substance such as a drug alcohol or virus that interferes with fetal development is called a(n)
Correct Answer: teratogen
Rationale: A teratogen is any substance that interferes with fetal development, such as a drug, alcohol, or a virus.
At what age does a child typically possess the physiologic neuromuscular and psychological maturity necessary to master toilet training?
- A. 6 to 10 months
- B. 10 to 14 months
- C. 14 to 18 months
- D. 18 to 24 months
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Children reach psychological and physiologic maturity for toilet training by 18 to 24 months.
What stage of family development involves the grown children departing from home?
- A. Expectant stage
- B. Senescence stage
- C. Establishment stage
- D. Disengagement stage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The disengagement stage of parenthood is the period of family life when the grown children depart from the home.
What is the stage of family development that extends from the wedding until the birth of the first child?
- A. Expectant stage
- B. Parenthood stage
- C. Establishment stage
- D. Engagement/commitment stage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The establishment stage extends from the wedding until the birth of the first child. During this phase, one of the important tasks is the adjustment from the single independent to the married, interdependent state. The challenges facing the newly married couple include learning to live with another person, decision making, conflict resolution, and communication.