Nokea
A classic drug interaction resulting in an increased bleeding time, involves warfarin and:
- A. Vitamin B6
- B. Aspirin
- C. Folic acid
- D. Rifampin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation, enhancing warfarin's anticoagulant effect and increasing bleeding risk.
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A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for Dextromethorphan to suppress a cough. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects of this medication?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Anxiety
- C. Sedation
- D. Palpitations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dextromethorphan can cause sedation , a common side effect of this cough suppressant.
Isosorbide dinitrate is prescribed for a patient with chronic stable angina. This drug is administered twice daily, but the schedule is 7 a.m. and 2 p.m. because:
- A. It is a long-acting drug with potential for toxicity.
- B. Nitrate tolerance can develop.
- C. Orthostatic hypotension is a common adverse effect.
- D. It must be taken with milk or food.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A nitrate-free interval (e.g., after 2 p.m.) prevents tolerance.
Hypoglycemia can result from the action of either insulin or an oral hypoglycemic. Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:
- A. Fruity' breath odor and rapid respiration
- B. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and hypertension
- C. Dizziness, confusion, diaphoresis, and tachycardia
- D. Easy bruising, palpitations, cardiac dysrhythmias, and coma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypoglycemia presents with neuroglycopenic (dizziness, confusion) and adrenergic (diaphoresis, tachycardia) symptoms.
The nurse is applying a topical corticosteroid to a client with eczema. The nurse would monitor for the potential for increased systemic absorption of the medication if the medication were being applied to which of the following body areas?
- A. Back
- B. Axilla
- C. Soles of the feet
- D. Palms of the hands
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed into the systemic circulation. Absorption is higher from regions where the skin is especially permeable (scalp, axilla, face, eyelids, neck, perineum, genitalia), and lower from regions in which permeability is poor (back, palms, soles).
Patients with iron deficiency will develop:
- A. Hemolytic anemia
- B. Megaloblastic anemia
- C. Macrocytic-hypochromic anemia
- D. Microcytic-hypochromic anemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Iron deficiency causes microcytic-hypochromic anemia due to reduced hemoglobin synthesis.