Nokea
A client comes to the clinic for an annual physical exam. When asked about their influenza vaccine status, the client responds, “I never get the vaccine because I don't get the flu.â€. Which aspect of the Health Belief Model is the client demonstrating?
- A. Perceived barriers.
- B. Perceived susceptibility.
- C. Perceived severity.
- D. Perceived benefits.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client's decision not to get the flu vaccine because they don't get the flu demonstrates perceived barriers, one aspect of the Health Belief Model. The client may perceive that the potential discomfort or inconvenience of getting the vaccine outweighs the benefits.
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A home health nurse is examining the lab results of several patients with a history of heart failure (HF). Which patient's finding should the nurse immediately report to the healthcare provider?
- A. Potassium level of 3.7 mEq/L (3.7 mmol/L).
- B. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level of 550 pg/mL (550 ng/L).
- C. Total cholesterol level of 190 mg/dL (4.92 mmol/L).
- D. Glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) level of 7%.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are used to diagnose and monitor heart failure. A BNP level of 550 pg/mL (550 ng/L) is significantly higher than the normal range, which is less than 100 pg/mL. High BNP levels indicate that the heart is working harder than normal, which is a common occurrence in heart failure. Therefore, this result should be reported immediately to the healthcare provider.
During a routine office visit, a nurse is obtaining an older adult client's vital signs and notices the caregiver is very quiet and withdrawn. When asked, the caregiver acknowledges feeling exhausted from caring for the client 24 hours a day. What is the best information for the nurse to provide?
- A. Suggest that social services be contacted to find a respite care facility for the client.
- B. Tell the caregiver to consider hiring a private nurse to provide some time away.
- C. Advise a case management evaluation of the client's home environment.
- D. Recommend that the client's family return to the area to help provide assistance.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respite care is a service that provides temporary relief to primary caregivers, allowing them time to rest and take care of their own needs. It can be provided in the client's home, a healthcare facility, or an adult day care center. This service is especially beneficial for caregivers who are feeling exhausted, as it offers them a break while ensuring that their loved ones continue to receive care.
The home health nurse assesses an older adult client and observes possible signs of abuse. Which resource should the nurse use to guide their decision regarding reporting these suspicions?
- A. American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics.
- B. Nursing procedure manual.
- C. State law.
- D. Nurse practice act.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: State law often provides specific guidelines on how and when to report suspected elder abuse. Therefore, it would be the most appropriate resource for the nurse to use in this situation.
Which community would benefit most from a lead poisoning education and screening program provided by the public health nurse?
- A. A community of older adults living in subsidized housing located near an airport.
- B. An urban community of young adults who frequently camp and hike in remote desert areas.
- C. A coastal community of mixed age groups who eat a diet high in fish and other seafood.
- D. A farming community where families with young children live primarily in 100-year-old farmhouses.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Families with young children living primarily in 100-year-old farmhouses would likely benefit most from a lead poisoning education and screening program. Older homes, particularly those built before 1978, often contain lead-based paint, which can pose a significant risk for lead poisoning, especially in young children.
A 23-year-old single mother of three visits the Department of Health walk-in clinic with symptoms of abdominal pain, painful urination, fever, and vaginal discharge. She states that these symptoms began three days ago and she initially thought it was a urinary tract infection (UTI) until the vaginal discharge became purulent and bloody. She reports having three sexual partners over the past 60 days. She has visited the clinic three times in the past 12 months for similar concerns, but no sexually transmitted infections were diagnosed on those three prior visits. Given the history of clinic visits over the past 12 months with similar concerns, the nurse determines that client education should focus on prevention. What type of preventive education should the nurse identify for this client?
- A. Primary prevention, which would include education on safe sex practices.
- B. Secondary prevention, which would include regular screenings for sexually transmitted infections.
- C. Tertiary prevention, which would include education regarding prescribed treatments for sexually transmitted infections.
- D. Quaternary prevention, which would include strategies to avoid unnecessary or harmful interventions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary prevention includes measures that prevent the occurrence of a specific disease or health condition. In the context of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), primary prevention would involve education on safe sex practices. This could include information on the use of condoms, the importance of regular STI testing, and the risks associated with having multiple sexual partners.