Nokea
How does HPV manifest in HIV-positive clients?
- A. Cough
- B. Condylomata lata
- C. Condylomata
- D. Chancre
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Condylomata. HPV manifests in HIV-positive clients through the development of genital warts known as condylomata acuminata. This is a common manifestation due to the weakened immune system in HIV-positive individuals. Condylomata lata (choice B) is associated with syphilis, not HPV. Cough (choice A) is not a typical manifestation of HPV in HIV-positive clients. Chancre (choice D) is a primary lesion seen in syphilis, not HPV.
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Which factors contribute to a woman’s perception of her body? Select all that apply.
- A. Role of motherhood
- B. Sexuality
- C. Relationships at work
- D. Family and social relationships
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sexuality. This factor contributes to a woman's perception of her body as it influences how she views herself in terms of attractiveness, desirability, and self-image. Sexuality plays a significant role in shaping body image and self-esteem.
A: Role of motherhood - While motherhood can impact body image, it is not a universal factor for all women.
C: Relationships at work - While work relationships can influence self-esteem, they may not directly impact body perception.
D: Family and social relationships - While important, they may not directly relate to body perception as much as sexuality does.
In summary, sexuality plays a crucial role in shaping a woman's perception of her body compared to the other factors listed.
Which infant is most likely to express Rh incompatibility?
- A. Infant of an Rh-negative mother and a father who is Rh positive and homozygous for the Rh factor.
- B. Infant who is Rh negative and a mother who is Rh negative.
- C. Infant of an Rh-negative mother and a father who is Rh positive and heterozygous for the Rh factor.
- D. Infant who is Rh positive and a mother who is Rh positive.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Rh incompatibility occurs when the mother is Rh-negative and the father is Rh-positive.
2. If the father is homozygous for Rh factor (AA), all offspring will be Rh-positive.
3. The Rh-positive offspring from an Rh-negative mother can lead to Rh incompatibility.
4. Therefore, the infant of an Rh-negative mother and a father who is Rh positive and homozygous for the Rh factor is most likely to express Rh incompatibility.
Summary:
- Choice B is incorrect because both mother and infant are Rh-negative.
- Choice C is incorrect because the father being heterozygous for the Rh factor would not result in all offspring being Rh-positive.
- Choice D is incorrect as both mother and infant are Rh-positive, so there is no risk of Rh incompatibility.
A 40-year-old woman has just been diagnosed with stage 2 breast cancer. Which of the following are common reactions? Select all that apply.
- A. Anxiety regarding changes in family reactions, body image, disability, and pain
- B. Concern about disruptions related to treatment
- C. Fear of death
- D. Decisional conflict related to controversies about treatment options
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Anxiety is common due to the impact on family, body image, disability, and pain. Concern about treatment disruptions is valid but not as common as anxiety. Fear of death is a general fear but may not be as prominent as anxiety. Decisional conflict can occur but is more specific to treatment options rather than a common reaction.
A nurse is providing preoperative teaching for a woman who is undergoing a total mastectomy. Which will this teaching include? Select all that apply.
- A. Explain that she will have an IV, a drain, and a dressing in place on awakening. Tell her about expectations she may have regarding physical appearance, pain management, equipment that will be used (IVs, drains, etc.).
- B. Explain that she will be provided pain management as needed; monitor and review the pain scale to be used to identify level of intensity.
- C. Have her elevate the affected arm with pillows.
- D. Turn the woman every 4 hours, alternating between the unaffected side and affected side. To prevent pneumonia and complications, have her cough and take deep breaths every 2 hours, while nurse applies support to the chest.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Answer C (Correct Answer):
1. Elevating the affected arm with pillows post-mastectomy helps reduce swelling and promote lymphatic drainage, aiding in preventing lymphedema.
2. By elevating the arm, it reduces strain on the surgical site and surrounding tissues, promoting comfort and aiding in the healing process.
3. This positioning also helps in preventing postoperative complications such as shoulder stiffness and contractures.
Summary of Why Other Choices are Incorrect:
- Choice A: While important aspects of preoperative teaching, it does not specifically address the need to elevate the affected arm post-mastectomy.
- Choice B: Pain management is crucial, but it does not directly relate to the need for arm elevation post-mastectomy.
- Choice D: Turning every 4 hours and coughing exercises are important for preventing complications but do not address the specific need for arm elevation post-mastectomy.
A 17-year-old client presents to the clinic with concerns that she has not begun menstruating. She states that she is a gymnast and has been competing since she was 9 years old. Based on this history, what does the nurse know the client is most likely experiencing?
- A. Secondary amenorrhea
- B. Polycystic ovary syndrome
- C. Primary amenorrhea
- D. Dysmenorrhea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Primary amenorrhea. A 17-year-old who has not started menstruating is experiencing primary amenorrhea. This is likely due to her intense physical activity as a gymnast, which can delay the onset of menstruation. Secondary amenorrhea (A) occurs when menstruation stops after it has already begun. Polycystic ovary syndrome (B) is characterized by hormonal imbalances and ovarian cysts, not delayed onset of menstruation. Dysmenorrhea (D) refers to painful menstruation, which is not the issue in this case.