Common Drug Classifications Nursing

Common Drug Classifications Nursing Related

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A client with diabetes mellitus visits a health care clinic. The client's diabetes mellitus previously had been well controlled with glyburide (DiaBeta) daily, but recently the fasting blood glucose level has been 180 to 200 mg/dL. Which medication, if added to the client's regimen, may have contributed to the hyperglycemia?

  • A. Prednisone
  • B. Phenelzine (Nardil)
  • C. Atenolol (Tenormin)
  • D. Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Prednisone may decrease the effect of oral hypoglycemics, insulin, diuretics, and potassium supplements. Option 2, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and option 3, a β-blocker, have their own intrinsic hypoglycemic activity. Option 4 decreases urinary excretion of sulfonylurea agents, causing increased levels of the oral agents, which can lead to hypoglycemia.

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The nurse learns that a drug needed by the patient is classified as an orphan drug and recognizes what as a reason for this classification? (Select one that does not apply.)

  • A. The drug is rarely prescribed.
  • B. The drug has dangerous adverse effects.
  • C. The drug treats a rare disease.
  • D. The patent on the medication is still effective.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Drugs are classified as orphan drugs when they are not financially viable for a drug company to produce either because of risk for lawsuits about adverse effects or because the drug is not prescribed, which is often seen in rare diagnoses. Generic drugs are not produced until the patent expires, but this has no impact on classifying a particular drug as an orphan drug. Generic drugs are often produced by companies that only manufacture drugs without conducting research, but this has no bearing on the classification of orphan drugs.

Which of the following is used for treatment of hyperthyroidism:

  • A. Liothironine
  • B. Levothiroxine
  • C. Propilthiouracil
  • D. Liotrix
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Propylthiouracil inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis, making it a standard treatment for hyperthyroidism.

Live attenuated influenza vaccine (FluMist) may be administered to:

  • A. All patients over 6 months of age
  • B. Patients between ages 2 and 49 with no risk factors
  • C. Patients with an upper respiratory infection (URI) or asthma
  • D. Pregnant women
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: FluMist is approved for healthy individuals aged 2-49; URI/asthma or pregnancy are contraindications.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding insulin glargine?

  • A. It is primarily used to control postprandial hyperglycemia
  • B. It is a 'peakless' insulin
  • C. The prolonged duration of activity is due to slow dissociation from albumin
  • D. It should not be used in a regimen with insulin lispro or glulisine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Insulin glargine is a long-acting, peakless insulin providing steady glucose control.

The role of the NP in the use of herbal medication is to:

  • A. Maintain competence in the prescribing of common herbal remedies
  • B. Recommend common over-the-counter herbs to patients
  • C. Educate patients and guide them to appropriate sources of care
  • D. Encourage patients to not use herbal therapy due to the documented dangers
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: NPs should educate patients and guide them to safe herbal use, not universally discourage it.

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