Nokea
A four-year-old patient has been diagnosed with leukemia. The patient's parents follow the Jehovah's Witness faith and inform the physician that they will not approve any type of blood transfusions. The pediatric nurse is aware that:
- A. the parent's approval is unnecessary in an emergency.
- B. the patient can only receive blood that has been donated by family members.
- C. the patient can receive volume expanders.
- D. none of the above.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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You are meeting a couple who are going to adopt a 1-year-old girl; they are asking you about medical investigations that are needed for the child before adoption. Of the following, the LEAST likely required investigation for the adoption of this girl is
- A. neonatal screening tests
- B. immunization history
- C. screening tests for sexually transmitted diseases
- D. cognitive tests
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Among toddlers and children up to age five, femur fractures usually result from a low energy fall. In most cases, the orthopedic surgeon realigns the fractureusing fluoroscopy or x-ray imaging as a guide and immobilizes the leg in a type of cast called a spica cast. Approximately how many weeks does it take for a fractured femur to heal in a 3-year-old?
- A. 2 weeks
- B. 4 weeks
- C. 8 weeks
- D. 10 weeks
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In general, it takes approximately 6 to 8 weeks for a fractured femur in a 3-year-old child to heal. Children tend to heal faster than adults due to their higher metabolism and more robust bone growth. The spica cast helps stabilize the fracture and provides the necessary support for proper healing. Regular monitoring through x-ray imaging ensures the healing progress and guides the decision for cast removal.
Which assessment data would cause suspicion that a 3-year-old child has Hirschsprung disease?
- A. Clay-colored stools and dark urine
- B. History of early passage of meconium in the newborn period
- C. History of chronic, progressive constipation and failure to gain weight
- D. Continual bouts of foul-smelling diarrhea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
What causes meconium aspiration syndrome?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Carbon dioxide retention
- C. Bowel obstruction with meconium
- D. Aspiration of meconium in utero or at birth
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs when a newborn inhales (aspirates) a mixture of meconium (the baby's first stool) and amniotic fluid while in the uterus or during delivery. This can lead to respiratory distress and obstruction of the airways. The presence of meconium in the lungs can cause inflammation, airway obstruction, and in severe cases, can result in pneumonia or respiratory failure. Bowel obstruction with meconium (Choice C) does not directly cause meconium aspiration syndrome.
Manifestations of the initial attack of rheumatic fever with carditis may include all the following Except:
- A. Tachycardia out of proportion to fever
- B. Pericardial rub
- C. Heart failure
- D. Apical mid-diastolic rumbling murmur with pre-systolic accentuation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.