Nokea
A fracture united in unacceptable alignment is termed as:
- A. Delayed union
- B. Crepitus
- C. Malunion
- D. Nonunion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Malunion. Malunion refers to a fracture that has healed in an unacceptable alignment. This occurs when the fractured bones do not align properly during the healing process, leading to deformity or functional impairment. Delayed union (A) is when a fracture takes longer than usual to heal. Crepitus (B) is a term used to describe a grating or crackling sound or sensation in a joint. Nonunion (D) is when a fracture fails to heal altogether. Malunion specifically addresses the issue of improper alignment post-fracture healing, making it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.
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The crackling sound that is produced from bones rubbing against each other is termed as
- A. Rales
- B. Crepitations
- C. Crackles
- D. Vibration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Crepitations. Crepitations refer to the crackling sound produced by bones rubbing against each other. Rales (A) are abnormal lung sounds, Crackles (C) are fine crackling sounds heard in the lungs, and Vibration (D) is not a term related to bone sounds. Therefore, B is the correct choice as it specifically describes the bone-related sound mentioned in the question.
How does a nurse recognize when a patient has a testicular torsion?
- A. The nurse sees a light red glow on transillumination of the scrotum.
- B. The nurse palpates testicular edema that is painless.
- C. The patient reports a pulling sensation and dull ache of the scrotum.
- D. The patient complains of sudden onset of severe pain with edema of the scrotum.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because testicular torsion presents with sudden onset of severe pain and swelling in the scrotum. This is due to the twisting of the spermatic cord, leading to compromised blood flow to the testicle. The severe pain is a key indicator of this emergency condition, as it indicates ischemia and necrosis of the testicle if not promptly treated.
Choice A is incorrect because a light red glow on transillumination is not a typical finding in testicular torsion. Choice B is incorrect because testicular edema in torsion is usually associated with pain. Choice C is incorrect because a pulling sensation and dull ache are more commonly seen in conditions like epididymitis rather than testicular torsion.
The major hormone secreted from granulosa cells is
- A. Progesterone
- B. Estrogen
- C. Testosterone
- D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Estrogen. Granulosa cells are located in the ovarian follicles and are responsible for producing estrogen, a key female sex hormone. Estrogen plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and development of secondary sexual characteristics. Progesterone is mainly produced by the corpus luteum, testosterone is primarily produced by the testes in males, and aldosterone is synthesized in the adrenal glands. Granulosa cells do not secrete these hormones, making choices A, C, and D incorrect.
During a physical examination of the male reproductive system, how does the nurse assist the examiner to gather clues about the density of scrotal tissue?
- A. Through a digital rectal examination
- B. By externally inspecting the size of the scrotum
- C. Through transillumination
- D. Through a scrotal radiography
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Transillumination helps assess the density and presence of fluid in the scrotum.
Which of the following structures is often referred to as the bag of water?
- A. Urinary bladder
- B. Gall bladder
- C. Amniotic sac
- D. Uterus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amniotic sac. This structure is often referred to as the "bag of water" because it is a fluid-filled sac that surrounds and protects the developing fetus during pregnancy. The amniotic sac provides cushioning and maintains a stable environment for the fetus to grow. It is essential for the baby's development and acts as a barrier against infections.
Choice A: Urinary bladder - This structure is responsible for storing urine and is not typically referred to as the bag of water.
Choice B: Gall bladder - This organ stores bile produced by the liver and aids in digestion, not related to pregnancy or fetal development.
Choice D: Uterus - While the uterus is involved in pregnancy and fetal development, it is not commonly referred to as the bag of water.