Nokea
A glove-&-stocking pattern of sensory disturbance usually develops with disease in:
- A. peripheral nerves
- B. the spinal cord
- C. the brainstem
- D. the thalamus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Peripheral nerves are the correct answer because a glove-and-stocking pattern of sensory loss is characteristic of peripheral neuropathy. This pattern occurs due to the length-dependent nature of peripheral nerve damage, where the longest nerves (those supplying the hands and feet) are affected first, leading to distal sensory deficits.
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A patient reports nearly having a motor vehicle crash and states that his heart was pounding and he was breathing heavy and fast. Currently, the patient's heart rate and breathing are within normal limits. Which neurotransmitter has resumed control after the patient's incident?
- A. Serotonin
- B. Prostaglandin
- C. Acetylcholine
- D. Norepinephrine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter responsible for mediating parasympathetic (rest-and-digest) functions, which resume control after a sympathetic (fight-or-flight) response. Norepinephrine mediates the sympathetic response, while serotonin and prostaglandins are involved in mood and pain regulation. Understanding neurotransmitter roles is key to explaining autonomic nervous system function.
When assessing the patient's ability to perform fine motor tasks, the nurse should:
- A. Ask the patient to perform tasks such as buttoning a shirt or writing a sentence.
- B. Measure the patient's blood pressure.
- C. Inspect the patient's gait and balance.
- D. Check the patient's oral hygiene.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fine motor skills are assessed by tasks like buttoning a shirt or writing. Blood pressure, gait, and oral hygiene are unrelated to fine motor assessment.
Nursing students are doing a class presentation on stroke. What is the term they would use for deficits in articulation?
- A. Aphasia
- B. Nystagmus
- C. Dysarthria
- D. Dystonia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dysarthria refers to difficulty in articulating words due to muscle weakness or incoordination, often caused by stroke. Aphasia is a language disorder, nystagmus is involuntary eye movement, and dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions.
During neurologic assessment of the older adult, what should the nurse expect to find?
- A. Absent deep tendon reflexes
- B. Below-average intelligence score
- C. Decreased sensation of touch and temperature
- D. Decreased frequency of spontaneous awakening
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Older adults often exhibit decreased sensation of touch and temperature.
Which structure is encircled by the circle of Willis?
- A. cavernous sinus
- B. pineal gland
- C. aqueduct of the midbrain
- D. pituitary stalk
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The circle of Willis encircles the pituitary stalk and provides collateral blood flow to the brain. It is a critical anastomotic structure at the base of the brain.