Nokea
Which nervous system structure is associated with control of hunger?
- A. hypothalamus
- B. hippocampus
- C. cerebellar
- D. medulla
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The hypothalamus regulates hunger, thirst, and other homeostatic functions. It integrates signals from the body and brain to maintain energy balance and control feeding behavior.
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To prevent strain on Mr. Tucker's back muscles, which nursing action is INAPPROPRIATE?
- A. To place him on bed pan, logroll using a turning sheet
- B. When lying on his side, flex upper leg and place a pillow between his knees
- C. When lying on his back, place pillows under entire length of his knees
- D. To turn him on his side, gently turn his shoulders and upper trunk first, prop with a pillow, then turn his pelvis and lower limbs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Turning the pelvis and lower limbs last can strain back muscles.
Which of the following actions should the nurse first take if a client with spinal cord injury at T3 complains of a sudden severe headache, nasal congestion, flushed skin, and goose-bumps?
- A. Raise the client's head
- B. Place the client on a firm mattress
- C. Call the physician
- D. Administer an analgesic to relieve the pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: These symptoms suggest autonomic dysreflexia, requiring immediate medical attention.
Which structure is encircled by the circle of Willis?
- A. cavernous sinus
- B. pineal gland
- C. aqueduct of the midbrain
- D. pituitary stalk
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The circle of Willis encircles the pituitary stalk and provides collateral blood flow to the brain. It is a critical anastomotic structure at the base of the brain.
It is important for the nurse to maintain proper pin care for which of the following methods of treating a fracture?
- A. Closed reduction
- B. Open reduction
- C. External fixation
- D. Internal fixation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: External fixation involves pins that penetrate the skin, requiring meticulous pin care to prevent infection.
A 65-year-old patient with PD is experiencing moderate dyskinesias that are bothersome. The patient is on carbidopa/levodopa 25/100 mg two tablets at 7 AM and one tablet at 11 AM, 2 PM, 5 PM, 8 PM, and 11 PM. Which of the following is most appropriate:
- A. Add amantadine.
- B. Add entacapone.
- C. Add rasagiline.
- D. Add pramipexole.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amantadine is effective in reducing dyskinesias in PD patients by modulating glutamate activity in the brain.