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Patients with a history of osteoporosis have an increased risk for
- A. Infection in the bone.
- B. Peripheral blood clot formation.
- C. Painful joint inflammation.
- D. Fracture formation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Osteoporosis weakens bones making them more prone to fractures.
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What advice must the nurse give to prevent recurrence of insect bites?
- A. Prevent strenuous exercises by the client when outdoors.
- B. Apply insect repellant to clothing and exposed skin.
- C. Wear thick woolen clothing to cover the skin while outdoors.
- D. Avoid giving daily baths to the client with soaps.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insect repellants are effective in preventing bites.
An 18 year-old college freshman presents to the emergency room for evaluation of fever, headache, and neck stiffness. On physical examination, the patient is resting quietly and has a flushed face. His vital signs are as follows: temperature, 104 F; pulse, 110 bpm; and BP, 105/70. He has no rashes. During the physical examination, you flex the patient's neck and his hips and knees flex in response, indicating a meningeal irritation. The name of this positive sign is:
- A. Kernig's sign
- B. Brudzinski sign
- C. Babinski's sign
- D. Lachman's sign
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Brudzinski's sign is a physical finding associated with meningeal irritation. When the neck is flexed, it causes involuntary flexion of the hips and knees. This sign, along with Kernig's sign, is used to diagnose meningitis. Babinski's sign and Lachman's sign are unrelated to meningeal irritation.
The nurse suspects a fat embolism rather than a pulmonary embolism from a venous thrombosis when the patient with a fracture develops what?
- A. Tachycardia and dyspnea
- B. A sudden onset of chest pain
- C. Petechiae around the neck and upper chest
- D. Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes and decreased PaO2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Petechiae are characteristic of fat embolism.
The patient with migraine headaches has a seizure. After the seizure, which action can you delegate to the nursing assistant?
- A. Document the seizure.
- B. Perform neurologic checks.
- C. Take the patient's vital signs.
- D. Restrain the patient for protection.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Taking vital signs is a routine task that can be delegated to a nursing assistant while documenting seizures and performing neurologic checks require more specialized knowledge.
During assessment of a patient with dementia, the nurse determines that the condition is potentially reversible when finding out what about the patient?
- A. Has long-standing abuse of alcohol
- B. Has a history of Parkinson's disease
- C. Recently developed symptoms of hypothyroidism
- D. Was infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 10 years ago
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypothyroidism can cause reversible cognitive impairment