Nokea
When assessing the patient's ability to perform fine motor tasks, the nurse should:
- A. Ask the patient to perform tasks such as buttoning a shirt or writing a sentence.
- B. Measure the patient's blood pressure.
- C. Inspect the patient's gait and balance.
- D. Check the patient's oral hygiene.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fine motor skills are assessed by tasks like buttoning a shirt or writing. Blood pressure, gait, and oral hygiene are unrelated to fine motor assessment.
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A 40 year old man suffered a whiplash injury to his neck and now complains of pain along the lateral aspect of his left forearm, and there is weakness of his left biceps. What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?
- A. Prolapsed 4th cervical disc impinging on C4 root
- B. Prolapsed 4th cervical disc impinging on C5 root
- C. Prolapsed 5th cervical disc impinging on C6 root
- D. Prolapsed 6th cervical disc impinging on C6 root
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A prolapsed C5-C6 disc impinging on the C6 root can cause pain in the lateral forearm and weakness in the biceps, which is innervated by the C6 nerve root.
Which of the following are the parts of neurons?
- A. brain, spinal cord, and vertebral column
- B. dendrite, axon, and cell body
- C. sensory and motor
- D. cortex, medulla and sheath
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system and consist of three main parts: dendrites, axons, and the cell body. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, the cell body contains the nucleus and organelles, and the axon transmits signals to other neurons or target cells. These components work together to facilitate communication within the nervous system, enabling sensory perception, motor control, and cognitive functions.
The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the:
- A. pons
- B. medulla oblongata
- C. midbrain
- D. cerebrum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The medulla oblongata contains vital centers for controlling heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting. The pons, midbrain, cerebrum, and hypothalamus are not primarily responsible for these functions. Therefore, B is the correct answer.
It is important for the nurse to maintain proper pin care for which of the following methods of treating a fracture?
- A. Closed reduction
- B. Open reduction
- C. External fixation
- D. Internal fixation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: External fixation involves pins that penetrate the skin, requiring meticulous pin care to prevent infection.
The following occur in response to a major surgery:
- A. increased potassium loss
- B. increased protein breakdown
- C. sodium and water retention
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Major surgery triggers a stress response, leading to potassium loss, protein catabolism, and sodium/water retention due to hormonal changes.