microbiology an introduction test bank

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A Gram-negative bacterium producing a blue-green pigment and having a fruity odor was isolated from a patient's wound infection. What is the likely causative agent?

  • A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • B. Escherichia coli
  • C. Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • D. Proteus mirabilis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Blue-green pigment + fruity odor are characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
2. P. aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly associated with wound infections.
3. P. aeruginosa is known for its ability to produce pyocyanin (blue-green pigment) and a sweet, fruity odor.
4. Other choices like E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis do not typically produce blue-green pigment or fruity odor.
5. Therefore, based on the characteristics observed, the likely causative agent is Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Summary of other choices:
- Escherichia coli: Does not produce blue-green pigment or fruity odor.
- Klebsiella pneumoniae: Does not typically produce blue-green pigment or fruity odor.
- Proteus mirabilis: Does not produce blue-green pigment or fruity odor.

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For which family the following morphological features are typical: filamentous spiral nucleocapsid, linear unsegmented single strand (-) RNA and lipid bilayer membrane of cellular origin:

  • A. Picornaviridae
  • B. Filoviridae
  • C. Orthomyxoviridae
  • D. Togaviridae
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Filamentous spiral nucleocapsid is characteristic of Filoviridae, such as Ebola virus.
2. Linear unsegmented single strand (-) RNA is a key feature of Filoviridae genomes.
3. The lipid bilayer membrane of cellular origin is found in Filoviridae viruses.
4. Therefore, the correct answer is B (Filoviridae) due to the alignment of all three morphological features.

Summary:
- A (Picornaviridae): Has an icosahedral capsid, not filamentous spiral.
- C (Orthomyxoviridae): Has a segmented genome, not linear unsegmented.
- D (Togaviridae): Has a spherical capsid, not filamentous spiral.

Microscopic examination of pus sample taken from mandibular fistula canal and stained by Gram's method has revealed druses with gram-positive coloring in the center and cone-shaped structures with gram-negative coloring. Such morphology is characteristic of the agent of:

  • A. Fusobacteriosis
  • B. Actinomycosis
  • C. Staphylococcal osteomyelitis
  • D. Anaerobic infection
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Actinomycosis. Actinomyces is a gram-positive bacterium that forms sulfur granules (druses) with gram-positive coloring in the center and filamentous structures resembling cones with gram-negative coloring. This morphology is characteristic of Actinomyces species. Fusobacteriosis (choice A) typically presents with gram-negative rods. Staphylococcal osteomyelitis (choice C) is caused by gram-positive staphylococci, not Actinomyces. Anaerobic infections (choice D) can be caused by various bacteria, but the specific morphology described in the question matches Actinomyces, making choice B the correct answer.

OSHA is a division of the

  • A. National Institutes of Health.
  • B. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  • C. U.S. Department of Labor.
  • D. World Health Organization.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: 1. OSHA stands for Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
2. OSHA is responsible for ensuring safe and healthy working conditions in the US.
3. The U.S. Department of Labor oversees OSHA's operations and regulations.
4. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as OSHA is a division of the U.S. Department of Labor.
5. Other choices are incorrect because they are not directly related to OSHA's jurisdiction or responsibilities.

How is detected viral multiplication in cell culture

  • A. by the presence of a specific cytopathic effect
  • B. by using of an immunofluorescence detection method
  • C. the characteristic type of viral colonies
  • D. A and B both
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (A and B both). In viral multiplication, the presence of a specific cytopathic effect (CPE) in cell culture indicates viral replication. This is detected visually through changes in cell morphology. Additionally, immunofluorescence detection methods can be used to detect viral antigens within infected cells, confirming viral multiplication. Options C is incorrect as viral colonies are not typically used to detect viral multiplication in cell culture. Option B alone is not sufficient as it only focuses on immunofluorescence detection, while option A alone may not always be specific. Therefore, the combination of A and B provides a more comprehensive and accurate detection method for viral multiplication in cell culture.

Systemic amebiasis with involvment of intestines, liver, lungs was diagnosed in a 52-year-old patient. What drug should be prescribed?

  • A. Quiniofone
  • B. Enteroseptol
  • C. Metronidazole
  • D. Tetracycline
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Metronidazole is the drug of choice for systemic amebiasis due to its high efficacy against Entamoeba histolytica. It has good tissue penetration and can treat intestinal, liver, and lung involvement. Quiniofone (A) has limited use and is not recommended for amebiasis. Enteroseptol (B) is not effective against systemic amebiasis. Tetracycline (D) is not the first-line treatment for amebiasis and has limited efficacy against Entamoeba histolytica.

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