Nokea
A group of nursing students is discussing trends that influence pediatric health care today. The students' discussion focuses on which trends?
- A. Family-centered care
- B. Evidenced-based practice
- C. Nursing traditions
- D. A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In pediatric health care, family-centered care and evidenced-based practice are crucial trends that impact care delivery. Family-centered care involves involving the family in decision-making and care planning, recognizing their role in the child's well-being. Evidenced-based practice ensures nursing interventions are based on the best available evidence to provide high-quality care to pediatric patients. Nursing traditions, though important, may not encompass the latest advancements in pediatric care. Therefore, choices A and B are correct as they represent current influential trends in pediatric health care.
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What is a non-pharmacological management option for measles?
- A. Tepid sponging
- B. Oral hygiene
- C. Eye care
- D. N/A
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tepid sponging is a non-pharmacological management option for measles. It helps reduce fever and discomfort by using lukewarm water to gently sponge the body. This method is commonly used to alleviate symptoms associated with measles. Oral hygiene and eye care are important for overall health but do not directly manage measles symptoms like tepid sponging does. Choice D, N/A, is incorrect as there are non-pharmacological management options available for measles.
The nurse is planning the care of a hospitalized 4-year-old. The most appropriate technique the nurse can use to reduce the stress of hospitalization for this child is to:
- A. Encourage the child to discuss their feelings.
- B. Encourage peer visitation.
- C. Encourage the child to play with safe medical equipment.
- D. Read a story to the child.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Encouraging the child to play with safe medical equipment is the most appropriate technique to reduce stress for a hospitalized child. This technique helps familiarize the child with medical equipment in a non-threatening way, empowering them to feel more in control of the environment. Options A, B, and D may be helpful but do not directly address the child's exposure and interaction with the hospital environment, making them less effective in reducing stress in this context.
Kobby, who is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 1, displays symptoms of hypoglycemia; which of the following actions should the nurse instruct the parents to take?
- A. Give the child honey (simple sugar)
- B. Give the child milk (complex sugar)
- C. Contact the healthcare provider before doing anything
- D. Give the child nothing by mouth
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During hypoglycemia, it is crucial to quickly raise blood glucose levels. Giving a simple sugar like honey is recommended as it can rapidly increase blood sugar levels and alleviate the symptoms of hypoglycemia in individuals with diabetes mellitus type 1. Milk, being a complex sugar, will not act as quickly as honey in raising blood sugar levels. Contacting the healthcare provider may lead to a delay in treatment, as immediate action is necessary during hypoglycemia. Withholding food or drink (choice D) is not appropriate when dealing with hypoglycemia as it can worsen the condition.
What should the nurse include in the insulin administration instruction for the parents of a child being discharged on insulin?
- A. Insert the needle and aspirate before injecting
- B. Inject insulin into the extremity to be exercised to improve absorption
- C. The muscles in the abdomen and thigh are the easiest for self-administration
- D. Clean the injection site with soap and water and avoid alcohol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the muscles in the abdomen and thigh are the most suitable areas for self-administration of insulin due to consistent absorption. Choices A and B are incorrect as aspirating before injecting insulin is unnecessary, and injecting into an extremity to be exercised does not enhance absorption. Choice D is incorrect as alcohol should be used to clean the injection site instead of soap and water, which can cause skin irritation.
What is the pattern of fever in enteric fever?
- A. Intermittent fever
- B. Relapsing fever
- C. Pel-Ebstein fever
- D. Continuous fever
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Enteric fever, caused by Salmonella typhi or paratyphi, is characterized by a continuous fever pattern. The fever typically persists without significant fluctuations, distinguishing it from diseases with intermittent or relapsing fever patterns. Pel-Ebstein fever, a cyclic pattern of fever seen in Hodgkin's lymphoma, is not associated with enteric fever. Relapsing fever is a characteristic of diseases like Borrelia recurrentis infection. Intermittent fever is seen in conditions like malaria.