Nokea
A group of students is reviewing for a test on hormones. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they state which of the following as being secreted by the kidneys?
- A. Atrial natriuretic peptide
- B. Estrogen
- C. Renin
- D. Gastrin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The kidneys release renin and erythropoietin. Atrial natriuretic peptide is secreted by the atria of the heart, estrogen by the ovaries and placenta during pregnancy, and gastrin by the stomach to increase hydrochloric acid production.
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A group of students is reviewing material about endocrine system function. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as secreted by the adrenal medulla?
- A. Glucocorticoids
- B. Mineralocorticoids
- C. Glucagon
- D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are produced by the adrenal cortex, while glucagon is secreted by the pancreas.
The nurse is evaluating a client's neck for thyroid enlargement. Which action by the nurse is appropriate during the evaluation?
- A. Inspect changes in pigmentation in the neck.
- B. Perform repeated palpation of the thyroid gland.
- C. Palpate the thyroid gland gently.
- D. Examine the skin of the neck for excessive oiliness.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should inspect the neck for thyroid enlargement and gently palpate the thyroid gland. Repeated palpation can lead to a sudden release of thyroid hormones in cases of thyroid hyperactivity, which may have serious implications. Changes in pigmentation or oiliness of the neck are not relevant to thyroid assessment.
The nurse is attempting to locate the thyroid gland of a client in order to determine if it is enlarged. Where should the nurse palpate the thyroid gland?
- A. Mid trachea
- B. Distal to the carotid arteries
- C. The lower neck anterior to the trachea
- D. The upper neck posterior to the trachea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thyroid gland is located in the lower neck anterior to the trachea, divided into two lateral lobes joined by the isthmus. Palpation in this area helps assess for enlargement.
The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes who developed hypoglycemia. What can the nurse administer to the client to raise the blood sugar level?
- A. Insulin
- B. Glucagon
- C. Cortisone
- D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon, secreted by pancreatic alpha cells, raises blood sugar levels by stimulating glycogenolysis in the liver. Insulin lowers blood sugar, while cortisone and estrogen do not directly affect blood glucose levels.
A client is being seen in the clinic to receive the results of the lab work to determine thyroid levels. The nurse observes the client's eyes appear to be bulging, and there is swelling around the eyes. What does the nurse know to be the correct documentation of this finding?
- A. Retinal detachment
- B. Periorbital swelling
- C. Bulging eyes
- D. Exophthalmos
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Exophthalmos is the correct term for bulging eyes and periorbital swelling, often associated with hyperthyroidism (e.g., Graves' disease). Retinal detachment, periorbital swelling alone, or the vague term 'bulging eyes' are less precise.