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A client is scheduled to have a test to determine thyroid function. What should the nurse ask the client prior to scheduling the testing?
- A. If the client has had a diagnostic test that used iodine within the last 3 months
- B. If the client is able to pay for the testing or has insurance coverage
- C. If the client is drinking adequate amounts of fluid daily
- D. If the client is taking birth control pills
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should ask about recent diagnostic tests using iodine, as these can interfere with thyroid function tests. Payment ability, fluid intake, and birth control pills are not relevant to thyroid testing accuracy.
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A group of students is reviewing for a test on hormones. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they state which of the following as being secreted by the kidneys?
- A. Atrial natriuretic peptide
- B. Estrogen
- C. Renin
- D. Gastrin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The kidneys release renin and erythropoietin. Atrial natriuretic peptide is secreted by the atria of the heart, estrogen by the ovaries and placenta during pregnancy, and gastrin by the stomach to increase hydrochloric acid production.
The nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a client with a disorder of the thyroid gland. Which diagnostic test will the nurse expect the physician to order to evaluate thyroid hormones?
- A. Magnetic resonance imaging
- B. Radioimmunoassay
- C. Computed tomography (CT)
- D. Cortisol level determination
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A radioimmunoassay evaluates thyroid hormone function, specifically T3 and T4 levels. A CT or magnetic resonance imaging scan is used to detect a suspected tumor and to determine organ size and placement. Cortisol levels are used to assess adrenal function, not thyroid function.
A nurse is reading an article that describes the function of the neurohypophysis. The nurse identifies this structure as part of which of the following?
- A. Hypothalamus
- B. Pineal gland
- C. Posterior pituitary
- D. Thymus gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The neurohypophysis refers to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, which releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone. The hypothalamus influences the pituitary, the pineal gland secretes melatonin, and the thymus gland supports T lymphocyte production.
The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes who developed hypoglycemia. What can the nurse administer to the client to raise the blood sugar level?
- A. Insulin
- B. Glucagon
- C. Cortisone
- D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon, secreted by pancreatic alpha cells, raises blood sugar levels by stimulating glycogenolysis in the liver. Insulin lowers blood sugar, while cortisone and estrogen do not directly affect blood glucose levels.
A client is experiencing an increase in blood glucose levels. The nurse understands that which of the following hormones would be important in lowering the client's blood glucose level?
- A. Insulin
- B. Parathormone
- C. Melatonin
- D. Calcitonin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin, released by the beta islet cells of the pancreas, lowers blood glucose levels when they rise above normal. Parathormone regulates calcium levels, melatonin influences sleep cycles and mood, and calcitonin inhibits calcium release from bones.