Nokea
A major focus of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines is:
- A. generally healthy segments of the population
- B. the unhealthy American public
- C. vulnerable population segments
- D. ethnically diverse eating styles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: the unhealthy American public. The 2010 Dietary Guidelines primarily aimed to address the unhealthy eating habits prevalent in the American population. Choice A is incorrect as the focus was not solely on generally healthy segments of the population. Choice C is incorrect as the guidelines were not specifically tailored only for vulnerable population segments. Choice D is incorrect as the guidelines were more concerned with promoting healthy eating habits rather than ethnically diverse eating styles.
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In addition to poor eating habits, a factor that often contributes to marginal nutritional status is:
- A. dependence on caffeine.
- B. acute illness.
- C. low income.
- D. size of the family unit.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Low income is a significant factor contributing to marginal nutritional status due to limited access to nutritious food. While dependence on caffeine or acute illness can impact health, they are not as directly linked to marginal nutrition as low income. The size of the family unit may affect food distribution within the household but is not as directly related to marginal nutritional status as low income.
What are the rhythmic contractions that propel food through the intestinal tract called?
- A. Segmentation
- B. Peristalsis
- C. Cardiospasm
- D. Pendular movements
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peristalsis is the correct answer because it refers to the rhythmic contractions that propel food through the intestinal tract by pushing it along the digestive system. Segmentation, on the other hand, refers to the mixing movements in the intestines rather than the forward movement of food. Cardiospasm is a condition characterized by difficulty swallowing due to the inability of the esophagus to relax, and pendular movements are a type of motility found in the small intestine but do not specifically refer to the propulsion of food.
The major focus of nutritional recommendations in this century has shifted to:
- A. prevention and control of chronic diseases.
- B. improved sanitation and public health.
- C. prevention and control of infectious diseases.
- D. development of healthful foods using food technology.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: prevention and control of chronic diseases. In this century, nutritional recommendations have increasingly emphasized the importance of preventing and managing chronic diseases like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Lifestyle factors such as diet play a significant role in the development of these conditions. Option B, improved sanitation and public health, although important for overall health, is not the primary focus of nutritional recommendations. Option C, prevention and control of infectious diseases, is also crucial but does not reflect the current major focus of nutritional recommendations. Option D, development of healthful foods using food technology, is a valid area of interest but is not the primary shift in focus observed in nutritional recommendations.
What is the basis of MyPlate food guidance?
- A. Percentage of calories from each macronutrient.
- B. Exchange Lists for Meal Planning.
- C. Appropriate amounts of food from each food group.
- D. Amounts of macronutrients and micronutrients.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Appropriate amounts of food from each food group.' MyPlate food guidance focuses on portion sizes from different food groups to promote a balanced diet. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because MyPlate emphasizes the consumption of a variety of foods from different food groups rather than focusing solely on macronutrient percentages, exchange lists, or specific nutrient amounts.
Exchange Lists for Meal Planning was originally intended as a meal-planning tool for people who have:
- A. cancer.
- B. diabetes.
- C. hypertension.
- D. heart disease.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: diabetes. Exchange Lists for Meal Planning were originally created to assist individuals with diabetes in managing their diet by providing a structured approach to balanced food exchanges. This system helps individuals regulate their blood sugar levels and maintain overall health. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Exchange Lists for Meal Planning were not primarily developed for individuals with cancer, hypertension, or heart disease.