Nokea
A major serum protein that is below normal in patients who have inadequate nutrition is:
- A. Albumin
- B. Globulin
- C. Fibrinogen
- D. Transferrin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Albumin is a major serum protein, and low levels are indicative of inadequate nutrition, as it is synthesized by the liver and requires adequate protein intake.
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A defining characteristic of malignant (oncrous) cells is:
- A. they cannot spread to other tissues or organs
- B. they can invade healthy cells, tissues, and organs
- C. they are normally a health risk
- D. none of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Malignant (cancerous) cells can invade healthy cells, tissues, and organs through tumor formation and metastasis, unlike benign cells which do not spread.
Acid-base balance occurs when the pH level of the blood is between:
- A. 7.4 and 7.5
- B. 7.5 and 7.5
- C. 7.4 and 7.5
- D. 7.5 and 7.5
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acid-base balance is the maintenance of arterial blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45 through hydrogen ion production and elimination. The correct range is 7.35 to 7.45, but the provided options contain an error, and 7.5 and 7.5 is marked as correct in the source.
The most common causes of decreased comfort for a patient are pain and
- A. light-headedness
- B. nausea
- C. emotional stress
- D. depression
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pain and emotional stress are the two leading causes of discomfort for a patient, particularly in situations like surgery, where anxiety can exacerbate discomfort.
The best indicator of fluid volume changes in the body is:
- A. Skin dryness
- B. weight changes
- C. Blood pressure
- D. pulse rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Changes in weight are the best indicator of fluid volume changes in the body, as they directly reflect fluid gain or loss.
The inability to pass stool is known as
- A. constipation
- B. obstipation
- C. diarrhea
- D. incontinence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Obstipation is the severe inability to pass stool, often more extreme than constipation, which involves hard, dry, and difficult-to-pass stool.