Nokea
A male client is suspected of an immune system disorder. Which of the following important factors will the nurse document while assessing the client?
- A. The client’s diet
- B. The client’s drug history
- C. The client’s ability to produce antibodies
- D. The client’s family members’ history of chronic diseases
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client’s drug history is crucial as certain medications can affect immune function or mimic immune disorders.
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The patient is admitted from home with a stage II pressure ulcer. This wound is classified as a yellow wound using the red-yellow-black concept of wound care. What is the nurse likely to observe when she does her wound assessment?
- A. Serosanguineous drainage
- B. Adherent gray necrotic tissue
- C. Clean, moist granulating tissue
- D. Creamy ivory to yellow-green exudate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Yellow wounds typically exhibit adherent gray necrotic tissue, indicating partial-thickness tissue loss without slough or eschar.
Which of the following statements is most correct regarding Leishmania?
- A. Leishmaniasis is caused by an extracellular bacterium
- B. Leishmaniasis is associated with severe immunodeficiency
- C. An infected individual is less likely to suffer severe leishmaniasis if they make a TH2 rather than TH1 response to the pathogen
- D. Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of leishmaniasis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because visceral leishmaniasis is indeed the most severe form of leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs and can be fatal if left untreated.
A is incorrect because Leishmania is a protozoan parasite, not a bacterium. B is incorrect because leishmaniasis can affect individuals with normal immune systems, not just those with severe immunodeficiency. C is incorrect because a TH1 response is actually protective against severe leishmaniasis, not a TH2 response.
B cells receive T cell help for antibody production in which specific lymph node structure
- A. Paracortex
- B. Medulla
- C. Cortex
- D. Follicles
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: I'm sorry, but there seems to be an error in the question as there is no option E provided. Would you like me to assist you with another question or topic?
Which of the following cytokines is NOT included in the interleukin family?
- A. IL-1
- B. IL-22
- C. IFN-alpha
- D. IL-10
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: IFN-alpha. This is because IFN-alpha belongs to the interferon family, not the interleukin family. Interleukins are a subset of cytokines that are primarily involved in regulating immune responses, while interferons have antiviral properties. IL-1, IL-22, and IL-10 are all interleukins and are part of the interleukin family. Therefore, IFN-alpha is the only cytokine listed that is not included in the interleukin family.
What is one of the immune system's critical functions in cancer?
- A. Promoting cell growth
- B. Fighting cancer by targeting abnormal cells
- C. Enhancing pathogen resistance
- D. Stimulating autoimmune responses
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fighting cancer by targeting abnormal cells. The immune system plays a crucial role in cancer by identifying and eliminating abnormal cells that can develop into tumors. This process is known as immunosurveillance. Through mechanisms like T cells and natural killer cells, the immune system can detect and destroy cancerous cells before they can grow and spread. This function is essential in preventing the development and progression of cancer.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect:
A: Promoting cell growth - The immune system does not promote cell growth in cancer; rather, it regulates and suppresses the growth of abnormal cells.
C: Enhancing pathogen resistance - While the immune system does enhance resistance against pathogens, this is not its critical function in cancer.
D: Stimulating autoimmune responses - Autoimmune responses involve the immune system attacking healthy cells, not targeting cancerous cells.