Agricultural uses of plant hormones include
- A. Control of fruit production, ripening, and dropping
- B. Production of seedless fruits
- C. Use as weed killers
- D. All above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because plant hormones are used in agriculture to control fruit production, ripening, dropping, and to produce seedless fruits. Choice A is correct as plant hormones regulate these processes. Choice B is also correct as certain plant hormones can induce seedless fruit formation. Choice C is incorrect as plant hormones are not typically used as weed killers in agriculture. Overall, the correct answer, D, encompasses all the agricultural uses of plant hormones listed in the other choices.
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Which word identifies a mutation of protooncogenes?
- A. Oncogenes
- B. Retrogenes
- C. Oncofetal antigens
- D. Tumor angiogenesis factor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Protooncogenes, when mutated, become oncogenes, which promote uncontrolled cell growth.
As the nurse manager in a public health department,you are responsible for developing a plan to reduce the incidence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the community. Which nursing action is best delegated to health assistants working for the agency?
- A. Supply injection drug users with bleach solution for cleaning needles and syringes.
- B. Provide pretest and post-test counseling to those patients who are seeking HIV testing.
- C. Educate high-risk community members about the use of condoms in HIV prevention.
- D. Determine which population groups to target for education based on community assessment.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Health assistants can effectively distribute bleach solutions to injection drug users as part of harm reduction strategies. Pretest and post-test counseling education on condom use and community assessment require more advanced training and are typically responsibilities of registered nurses or other healthcare professionals.
What is a granuloma?
- A. A type of antibody
- B. A collection of macrophages filled with antigens
- C. A cluster of mast cells
- D. An antibody-antigen complex
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A collection of macrophages filled with antigens. Granulomas are tissue responses to chronic inflammation, where macrophages form a cluster to engulf and contain foreign substances like antigens. This leads to the formation of a granuloma, which can be seen in conditions like tuberculosis. Other choices are incorrect because: A) Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system, not structures like granulomas; C) Mast cells are involved in allergic reactions and not typically associated with granulomas; D) An antibody-antigen complex is a different concept related to immune response but not specific to granulomas.
What groups listed below have true cell walls?
- A. algae
- B. mycoplasmas
- C. Gram-positive bacteria
- D. fungi
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: mycoplasmas. Mycoplasmas have cell walls, which contain peptidoglycan, making them structurally similar to typical bacteria. Algae (choice A) have cell walls made of cellulose, Gram-positive bacteria (choice C) have cell walls containing thick layers of peptidoglycan, and fungi (choice D) have cell walls made of chitin. Mycoplasmas lack a cell wall, but they have a flexible cell membrane that provides them with shape and protection.
Which of the following is NOT true? The meeting of naïve T cells and dendritic cells:
- A. Is facilitated by the presence of naïve B cells
- B. Occurs in the paracortex of lymph nodes
- C. Is facilitated by movement of the T cell along connective tissue networks
- D. May supply the T cell with activation Signal 1
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the meeting of naïve T cells and dendritic cells is not facilitated by the presence of naïve B cells. Naïve T cells interact with dendritic cells in the paracortex of lymph nodes, not with naïve B cells. The movement of T cells along connective tissue networks aids in their interaction with dendritic cells, and this interaction may supply the T cell with activation Signal 1, which is essential for T cell activation. Overall, the incorrect choices (B, C, and D) are actually true statements regarding the meeting of naïve T cells and dendritic cells, making them incorrect options.