Nokea
A man has been instructed to make an appointment with the laboratory for sperm analysis. Which instruction should the nurse provide?
- A. Keep the sample in a cooler for transport.
- B. Deliver the sample to the laboratory within 1 hour of collection.
- C. Collect the sample during a period of frequent sexual activity.
- D. An acceptable collection method is withdrawal prior to ejaculation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because delivering the sample to the laboratory within 1 hour of collection ensures the sample is fresh and provides accurate results. Keeping the sample in a cooler (choice A) is unnecessary and may not be feasible. Collecting the sample during frequent sexual activity (choice C) can skew results. Withdrawal method (choice D) may not provide an adequate sample for analysis. Timing and freshness are crucial for accurate results.
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A 3-month-old baby has been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF). The mother says, 'How could this happen? I had an amniocentesis during my pregnancy and everything was supposed to be normal!' What must the nurse understand about this situation?
- A. Cystic fibrosis cannot be diagnosed by amniocentesis.
- B. The baby may have an uncommon genetic variant of the disease.
- C. It is possible that the laboratory technician made an error.
- D. Instead of obtaining fetal cells the doctor probably harvested maternal cells.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Uncommon genetic variants of CF may not be detected by standard testing.
Cindy, a 36-year-old, has been prescribed Follistim AQ, a follitropin. What information should the nurse include in Cindy's education?
- A. Eggs or oocytes develop within ovarian follicles. The purpose of the medication is to stimulate development of ovarian follicles.
- B. Follistim is a manufactured form of FSH, a hormone released from the pituitary gland during the menstrual cycle.
- C. Rapid weight gain is typical during ovulation induction.
- D. Typical side effects include breast tenderness, changes in mood, and depression.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Cindy is prescribed Follistim AQ to stimulate the development of ovarian follicles, where eggs or oocytes develop. This medication helps in ovulation induction. The nurse should educate Cindy on the medication's purpose, how it works, and the importance of follicle development in the ovulation process.
Choice B is incorrect as Follistim is not a manufactured form of FSH but a specific form of follitropin.
Choice C is incorrect as rapid weight gain is not a typical side effect of ovulation induction with Follistim.
Choice D is incorrect as the typical side effects of Follistim include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, abdominal pain, and bloating, not breast tenderness, changes in mood, or depression.
How does lifestyle modification improve fertility in women?
- A. It guarantees successful conception within one cycle.
- B. Maintaining a healthy weight and reducing stress improve hormonal balance and ovulation.
- C. Eliminating all carbohydrates enhances egg quality.
- D. Exercise has no role in supporting fertility.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because maintaining a healthy weight and reducing stress can improve hormonal balance and ovulation, leading to increased fertility. Healthy lifestyle choices positively impact reproductive health by regulating menstrual cycles and promoting optimal conditions for conception. Eliminating all carbohydrates (choice C) is not necessary and can be harmful as the body needs a balanced diet. Exercise (choice D) plays a crucial role in supporting fertility by promoting overall health and reducing stress, contrary to the statement that exercise has no role in fertility. Choice A is incorrect as successful conception is not guaranteed within one cycle with lifestyle modifications.
A woman telephones the prenatal clinic and reports that her water just broke. Which suggestion by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. Call us back when you start having contractions.
- B. Come to the clinic or emergency department for an evaluation.
- C. Drink 3 to 4 glasses of water and lie down.
- D. Come in as soon as you feel the urge to push.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a woman's water breaks, there is an increased risk of infection and cord prolapse, making it important for the woman to seek evaluation at the clinic or emergency department. Waiting for contractions to start, drinking water and lying down, and waiting to come in only when feeling the urge to push are not appropriate responses in this situation.
Lisa, a 35-year-old practicing attorney and marathon runner, presents to the clinic with a complaint of irregular menses. She tells the nurse, 'My husband and I want to start a family but it hasn't happened yet. We stopped using birth control 6 months ago. Should we be concerned?' What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Relax and it will happen.
- B. No, infertility is the failure to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse.
- C. Aging and extreme exercise regimens may impact fertility. You should address your concerns with your provider during today's visit.
- D. Decreasing your exercise frequency and intensity will increase your chances of conceiving.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it addresses Lisa's concerns about fertility in a comprehensive and logical manner. Firstly, it acknowledges the potential impact of aging and extreme exercise on fertility, which is important considering Lisa's age and marathon running. Secondly, it emphasizes the importance of discussing her concerns with her healthcare provider during the visit, ensuring a thorough evaluation and appropriate guidance. This response shows understanding of the possible factors contributing to her irregular menses and infertility concerns.
Now, let's analyze the other choices:
A: "Relax and it will happen" is dismissive and lacks medical advice or addressing potential underlying causes of infertility.
B: "No, infertility is the failure to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse" provides a definition of infertility but does not offer practical advice or address Lisa's specific situation.
D: "Decreasing your exercise frequency and intensity will increase your chances of conceiving" assumes exercise is the sole factor affecting fertility and oversimplifies the issue without considering other potential causes.