Endocrine System Questions and Answers PDF

Endocrine System Questions and Answers PDF Related

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A man has been told that he is not synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem.

  • A. FSH stimulates estrogen secretion by ovarian cells; therefore it is not synthesized by males.
  • B. The physician is wronga hormone made in the adenohypophysis could not influence fertility.
  • C. FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes.
  • D. The man must be producing progesterone, which inhibits the synthesis of FSH.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is essential for sperm production in males.
Step 2: FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary gland.
Step 3: In males, FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells in the testes to support sperm production.
Step 4: Therefore, if a man is not synthesizing enough FSH, it can lead to reduced sperm production and fertility issues.

Summary:
A: Incorrect - FSH is synthesized by males in the anterior pituitary gland, not just females for estrogen secretion.
B: Incorrect - Hormones produced in the adenohypophysis, like FSH, play a crucial role in fertility.
D: Incorrect - Progesterone does not inhibit the synthesis of FSH; it is involved in the female reproductive system, not male fertility.

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The following plant alkaloids give derivatives which are used to treat migraine:

  • A. Vinca alkaloids
  • B. Digitalis glycosides
  • C. Stramonium alkaloids
  • D. Ergot alkaloids
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ergot alkaloids. Ergot alkaloids, such as ergotamine and dihydroergotamine, are known to be effective in treating migraines by constricting blood vessels in the brain. This helps to reduce the intensity of migraine headaches. Vinca alkaloids (A) are used in cancer treatment, digitalis glycosides (B) in heart conditions, and stramonium alkaloids (C) in asthma and spasms, but they are not commonly associated with migraine treatment.

Which of the following is not a function of insulin?

  • A. Lowering blood glucose levels
  • B. Promoting protein synthesis
  • C. Simulating hepatic gluconeogenesis
  • D. Promoting fatty acid synthesis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stimulating hepatic gluconeogenesis. Insulin's primary function is to lower blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake in cells and inhibiting gluconeogenesis in the liver. Choice A is correct as insulin helps lower blood glucose levels. Choice B is correct as insulin promotes protein synthesis. Choice D is correct as insulin promotes fatty acid synthesis to store excess glucose as fat. Therefore, choice C is incorrect as insulin actually inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis rather than stimulating it.

When blood calcium levels are high, ____ is released from the thyroid gland to deposit the excess calcium into the bones.

  • A. parathyroid hormone
  • B. calcitonin
  • C. oxytocin
  • D. glucagon
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Calcitonin is the correct answer because it is released from the thyroid gland in response to high blood calcium levels to deposit the excess calcium into the bones, decreasing blood calcium levels. Parathyroid hormone (A) works in the opposite way, increasing blood calcium levels by releasing calcium from bones. Oxytocin (C) is a hormone involved in labor and breastfeeding, not calcium regulation. Glucagon (D) is released from the pancreas to increase blood glucose levels, not calcium levels. Therefore, calcitonin is the most suitable choice for regulating high blood calcium levels by promoting calcium deposition in the bones.

Glucagon:

  • A. is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose.
  • B. regulates sodium and water balance.
  • C. is a steroid.
  • D. is a glucocorticoid.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Glucagon is a hormone secreted by the pancreas.
2. It is released in response to low blood glucose levels to increase blood sugar.
3. Glucagon stimulates the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream.
4. Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the function of glucagon.
Summary:
Choice B is incorrect because glucagon does not regulate sodium and water balance. Choice C is incorrect as glucagon is not a steroid hormone. Choice D is incorrect as glucagon is not a glucocorticoid hormone.

How do hormones respond following the ingestion of a high-protein, carbohydrate-free meal?

  • A. Both insulin and glucagon are inhibited because blood glucose levels are unchanged.
  • B. Insulin is inhibited by low glucose levels and glucagon is released to promote gluconeogenesis.
  • C. Insulin is released to facilitate the breakdown of amino acids into glucose and glucagon is inhibited.
  • D. Glucagon is released to promote gluconeogenesis and insulin is released to facilitate movement of amino acids into muscle cells.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: After a high-protein, carbohydrate-free meal, glucagon promotes gluconeogenesis to maintain glucose levels, while insulin facilitates amino acid transport into muscle cells.

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