Nokea
A newly pregnant patient asks the nurse, What is a false pelvis? Which statement by the nurse will best explain this anatomy to the patient?
- A. It is the total anterior portion of the pelvis.
- B. It is considered to be the lower portion of the pelvis.
- C. It provides support for the internal organs and the upper part of the body.
- D. It is the narrowest part of the pelvis through which a fetus will pass during birth.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the false pelvis, also known as the greater pelvis, is the upper portion of the pelvis that supports the abdominal organs and the weight of the upper body. It is not involved in childbirth.
A: Incorrect. The false pelvis is not the total anterior portion of the pelvis.
B: Incorrect. The false pelvis is not considered the lower portion of the pelvis.
D: Incorrect. The narrowest part of the pelvis through which a fetus passes is the true pelvis, not the false pelvis.
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After Sam fathers five children, he and his wife decide that he should have a vasectomy, which is a cutting and removal of a small section of each vas deferens. Why will this cause Sam to be infertile?
- A. It will become impossible for him to ejaculate during coitus.
- B. The sperm will not be able to get from the epididymis to the urethra.
- C. He will no longer produce sperm.
- D. The seminal fluid will be too acidic for the sperm to survive.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Vasectomy involves cutting and removing a small section of each vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra.
Step 2: By severing the vas deferens, sperm are physically blocked from reaching the urethra.
Step 3: Without the ability for sperm to travel through the vas deferens to the urethra, they cannot be ejaculated during coitus.
Step 4: Therefore, choice B is correct - the sperm will not be able to get from the epididymis to the urethra, causing infertility.
Summary:
Choice A is incorrect because ejaculation is the release of semen, not sperm. Choice C is incorrect as the testicles continue to produce sperm, but the sperm cannot reach the urethra. Choice D is incorrect as the acidity of seminal fluid does not affect the ability of sperm to travel through the vas deferens.
The least expensive type of infant formula is
- A. formula concentrate
- B. ready-to-feed formula
- C. powdered formula
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Powdered formula is generally the least expensive option compared to concentrates and ready-to-feed formulas.
The cervical spine has how many vertebrae?
- A. 2
- B. 5
- C. 7
- D. 8
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 7. The cervical spine consists of 7 vertebrae, labeled as C1 to C7. Each vertebra plays a vital role in supporting the head and facilitating neck movement. C1 is known as the atlas, C2 is the axis, and C3 to C7 are structurally similar cervical vertebrae. These vertebrae house the spinal cord and provide flexibility for head movements. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the cervical spine does not have 2, 5, or 8 vertebrae. It is crucial to understand the anatomical structure of the spine to determine the correct number of cervical vertebrae.
What are possible characteristics of a patient who is at a higher risk for developing uterine cancer?
- A. 35-year-old patient with 2 vaginal births
- B. 16-year-old patient with 28-day menstrual cycle
- C. 67-year old patient taking only estrogen for HRT
- D. 25-year-old patient taking oral contraceptive pills
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Uterine cancer risk increases with age, so a 67-year-old patient is at higher risk.
2. Estrogen-only HRT without progesterone increases uterine cancer risk.
3. Other choices are less likely: A has lower age and childbirth may reduce risk, B's age and menstrual cycle are not typical risk factors, and D's oral contraceptives may decrease uterine cancer risk.
Ultrasonography can be used to estimate fetal age with crown-rump length (CRL) at approximately
- A. 6 to 8 weeks
- B. 7 to 12 weeks
- C. to 14 weeks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CRL measurements are most accurate between 7-12 weeks for estimating gestational age.