Nokea
A nurse auscultates a harsh hollow sound over a client's trachea and larynx. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Document the findings.
- B. Administer oxygen therapy.
- C. Position the client in high-Fowlers position.
- D. Administer prescribed albuterol.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Document the findings. The nurse should first document the assessment findings to establish a baseline and communicate the abnormal sound to the healthcare team for further evaluation. This is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Administering oxygen therapy (B) may be needed depending on the client's oxygen saturation but is not the priority in this situation. Positioning the client in high-Fowlers position (C) may help with breathing but does not address the underlying cause of the abnormal sound. Administering albuterol (D) may be indicated for bronchospasm but should not be done without understanding the cause of the harsh hollow sound first.
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A client has been admitted for suspected inhalation anthrax infection. What question by the nurse is most important?
- A. Are any family members also ill?
- B. Have you traveled recently?
- C. How long have you been ill?
- D. What is your occupation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: What is your occupation? This is the most important question because inhalation anthrax is commonly associated with certain occupations, like handling animal products or working in agricultural settings. Knowing the client's occupation can help identify potential sources of exposure.
A: Are any family members also ill? - While important for assessing potential spread of infection, this question does not directly help in determining the cause of the anthrax infection.
B: Have you traveled recently? - Travel history is relevant for certain infectious diseases, but for inhalation anthrax, occupational exposure is a more crucial factor to consider.
C: How long have you been ill? - Timing of symptoms is important for diagnosis and treatment, but knowing the client's occupation provides more specific information in the case of suspected inhalation anthrax.
You are providing care for a client with recently diagnosed asthma. What key points will you be sure to include in your teaching plan for this client? (Choose all that apply.)
- A. Avoid potential environmental asthma triggers such as smoke.
- B. Use inhaler 30 minutes before exercising to prevent bronchospasm.
- C. Wash all bedding in cold water to reduce and destroy dust mites.
- D. Be sure to get at least 8 hours of rest and sleep every night.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer includes A, B, and D. Avoiding triggers (A), using inhalers before exercise (B), and ensuring adequate rest (D) are important for asthma management. Washing bedding in cold water (C) is ineffective for destroying dust mites; hot water is required.
At high altitudes all of the following things occur in an effort to acclimatise EXCEPT
- A. Hypoventilation
- B. Polycythaemia
- C. Increased numbers of capillaries per unit volume in peripheral tissues
- D. O2 dissociation curve shifts to right
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypoventilation. At high altitudes, the body adapts to the decreased oxygen availability by increasing red blood cell production (polycythaemia) to enhance oxygen-carrying capacity. This is supported by the shift of the oxygen dissociation curve to the right, facilitating oxygen unloading in tissues. Additionally, increased capillaries in peripheral tissues improve oxygen delivery. However, hypoventilation, or decreased breathing rate, is not a typical response to high altitudes. In fact, the body usually compensates by increasing ventilation to maintain adequate oxygen levels.
A nurse observes that a client's anteroposterior (AP) chest diameter is the same as the lateral chest diameter. Which question would the nurse ask the client in response to this finding?
- A. Are you taking any medications or herbal supplements?
- B. Do you have any chronic breathing problems?
- C. How often do you perform aerobic exercise?
- D. What is your occupation and what are your hobbies?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Do you have any chronic breathing problems? This question is appropriate because equal AP and lateral chest diameters could indicate barrel chest, which is often associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or other chronic breathing problems. Asking about chronic breathing problems can help the nurse further assess the client's respiratory health.
Incorrect answers:
A: Are you taking any medications or herbal supplements? This question is not directly related to the observed chest diameter findings.
C: How often do you perform aerobic exercise? This question is not relevant to the physical assessment findings and does not address the potential respiratory issue.
D: What is your occupation and what are your hobbies? This question does not directly address the equal AP and lateral chest diameters and does not help in assessing the respiratory status of the client.
Myoglobin is a muscle hemoglobin which exhibits Hyperbolic oxygen dissociation curve indicating its great affinity towards Oxygen (Non-cooperative binding). The Hyperbolic nature of the curve is due to
- A. Single polypeptide (153 amino acids) and Monomeric nature
- B. High concentration in the muscle
- C. Muscle protein
- D. Quarternary structure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice A being correct:
1. Myoglobin is composed of a single polypeptide chain with 153 amino acids, making it monomeric.
2. Being monomeric, myoglobin does not exhibit cooperative binding, leading to a hyperbolic oxygen dissociation curve.
3. The lack of multiple subunits in myoglobin results in non-cooperative binding and a hyperbolic curve.
4. The monomeric nature allows myoglobin to have a simple structure, enhancing its affinity for oxygen.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: High concentration in the muscle does not directly explain the hyperbolic curve.
C: Being a muscle protein does not inherently determine the hyperbolic nature of the oxygen dissociation curve.
D: Quaternary structure would involve multiple subunits, leading to cooperative binding and a sigmoidal oxygen dissociation curve.